Kurt Gottfried

Kurt Gottfried (May 17, 1929 – August 25, 2022) was an Austrian-born American physicist who was professor emeritus of physics at Cornell University. He was known for his work in the areas of quantum mechanics and particle physics and was also a co-founder with Henry Way Kendall of the Union of Concerned Scientists. He wrote extensively in the areas of physics and arms control.

Early life and education Gottfried was born in Vienna, First Austrian Republic, on May 17, 1929. In 1939, after their home in Austria was raided on Kristallnacht, his family emigrated to Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Gottfried studied with Victor Weisskopf at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) from 1952 to 1955, completing his Ph.D. thesis, Investigations Based on the Bohr-Mottelson Nuclear Model. His roommate at MIT was Henry Kendall. He then held short-term academic positions at Harvard University (1955–1958), CERN, the Niels Bohr Institute, and again at Harvard (1961–1964) before accepting a position in the physics department at Cornell University in 1964. He was a visiting professor at MIT from 1968 to 1969, and took a leave of absence to work at CERN from 1970 to 1973.

Research Gottfried worked with J. David Jackson in the 1960s on the production and decay of unstable resonances in high-energy hadronic collisions. They introduced the use of the density matrix to connect production mechanisms to the decay patterns and described the influence of competing processes ("absorption") on the reactions. Gottfried studied meson–nucleon reactions, high-energy electron–proton scattering and the spectroscopy of heavy-quark bound states; and proposed the Gottfried sum rule for deep inelastic scattering to test the elementary quark model. Gottfried's Quantum Mechanics: Fundamentals, originally published in 1966, is considered "one of the most used and respected accounts of quantum theory".

Gottfried served as chair of the Division of Particles and Fields of the American Physical Society in 1981.

Quantum Mechanics: Fundamentals was one of the influences spurring John Stewart Bell to write his polemical "Against measurement" (1990). Since Bell's death, Gottfried has become one of his major commentators. The second edition of Quantum Mechanics: Fundamentals, co-authored with Tung-Mow Yan, "is of exceptional interest, historical and otherwise".

Union of Concerned Scientists He was a co-founder of the Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS). The organization was first formed on March 4, 1969, when Gottfried, Kendall, and other faculty at MIT organized a "teach-in" during which regular research would stop, and students and faculty would examine the "misuse of scientific and technical knowledge" that "presents a major threat to the existence of mankind." Concerns included the Vietnam War, nuclear weapons, and environmental issues. Issues of particular concern to Gottfried are nuclear arms control, As a member of the executive committee of SOS (Scientists For Sakharov, Orlov, and Shcharansky) Gottfried helped lead successful efforts to bring dissident scientist Yuri Orlov out of exile in Siberia, and offer him a position at Cornell, which Orlov accepted.

Gottfried, Kendall, Hans Bethe, Richard Garwin, and others strongly critiqued the U.S. "Star Wars" missile defense program. Gottfried also co-edited Crisis Stability And Nuclear War (1988). The American Academy of Arts and Sciences cooperated with Cornell University's Peace Studies Program to sponsor a study on nuclear weapons and the command and control systems of the United States and the Soviet Union. Gottfried and Bruce G. Blair edited the resulting book, representing the thinking of fifteen leading analysts.

In 2004, Gottfried drafted the UCS statement Restoring Scientific Integrity in Policy Making, which criticized the Bush administration and called for "restoration of scientific integrity in the United States".

Awards and honors Gottfried was a Fellow of the American Physical Society and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He received the 1992 Leo Szilard Award. He was also a member of the Council of Foreign Relations.