Geraldo de Barros

Geraldo de Barros (February 27, 1923 – April 17, 1998) was a Brazilian painter and photographer who also worked in engraving, graphic arts, and industrial design. He was a leader of the concrete art movement in Brazil, co-founding Grupo Ruptura and was known for his trailblazing work in experimental abstract photography and modernism. According to The Guardian, De Barros was "one of the most influential Brazilian artists of the 20th century."

Early life and education De Barros was born in the city Chavantes, in the state of São Paulo in Brazil.

When he was 16 years old, De Barros began taking pictures using a homemade camera that he built himself. At the time he was interested in experimenting with scratching and manipulating the negatives and images.

Career For many years De Barros supported himself by working at Banco do Brasil.

In 1949, he started a photography lab with his friend Athaíde de Barros and Thomaz Farkas, and, with the intention of deepening his knowledge, he joined the Foto Cine Clube Bandeirante in São Paulo, a group of artists who focused on pictorialism. Artists in this group included German Lorca, José Yalenti, Thomaz Farkas, among others. During this time, De Barros studied photographic experimental practices from Europe and United States in the work of Moholy-Nagy and Man Ray.

In 1949, De Barros began teaching and organized the photography laboratory of the São Paulo Museum of Art (MASP).

In 1950, De Barros held Fotoformas at the Museu de Arte de São Paulo, an exhibition which represented a new era in the process of photography in Brazil. The title was influenced by Gestalt theory. He went on to attend the Ulm School of Design in Ulm, Germany, where he studied graphic arts with Otl Aicher and met Max Bill. At this point he abandoned his work in photography to focus on concrete art.

In 1964, De Barros went on to found in association with Aloísio Bione another furniture design company called Hobjeto.

In 1966, De Barros, founded Galeria Rex with Carlos Fajardo, Frederico Nasser, José Rezende Filho, Nelson Leiner, and Wesley Duke Lee as an experiment in the art market and selling art. Although the gallery closed after a year, the Grupo Rex and the work of the group continued for over 12 years.

In 1977, De Barros returned to geometric art and concepts of concrete art, using Formica as his base material in further exploring industrial design.

Geraldo abandoned photography for over 30 years, devoting himself to focus on arts and design.

Death De Barros died on April 17, 1998, in São Paulo at the age of 75.

Legacy Following his death, the legacy of De Barros' work led to an increased coverage and academic and art history-based awareness of his importance and impact as a central figure in Brazil's recent art history. Retrospectives were held in Europe and North America.

Documentary In 1999, a documentary on De Barros directed by Michel Favre called Geraldo de Barros: Sobras em Obras was released. The film was produced by De Barros' daughter, Fabiana de Barros.

Awards 1952: Forth Centenary of the São Paulo City, Brazil, First Prize for Graphic Design 1953: II Bienal de São Paulo, Brazil, Acquisition Award 1967: IX Bienal Internacional de São Paulo, Brazil, Acquisition Award 1991: XXI Bienal Internacional de São Paulo, Brazil, Second Prize

Selected exhibitions Selected group exhibitions

1951: I Bienal Internacional de Arte de São Paulo (São Paulo) 1953: II Bienal Internacional de Arte de São Paulo (São Paulo) 1955: "Incisioni e disegni Brasíliani", Villa Ciani (Lugano) 1956: XXVIII Biennale di Venezia (Venice) 1960: "konkrete kunst. 50 jahre entwicklung", Helmhaus (Zurich) – traveling exhibition 1967: IX Bienal Internacional de Arte de São Paulo (São Paulo) 1967: "Nova objectividade brasileira", Museu de Arte Moderna do Rio de Janeiro (Rio de Janeiro) 1977: Projeto construtivo brasileiro na arte 1950–1962: Museu de Arte Moderna do Rio de Janeiro (Rio de Janeiro); Pinacoteca do Estado de São Paulo (São Paulo) 1979: XV Bienal Internacional de Arte de São Paulo (São Paulo) 1986: XLII Biennale di Venezia (Venice) 1991: XXI Bienal Internacional de Arte de São Paulo (São Paulo) 1992: "Brasilien. Entdeckung und Selbstentdeckung", Kunsthaus Zürich (Zurich) 1999: "Brasilianische Fotografie 1946–1998. Labirinto e Identidades", Kunstmuseum Wolfsburg (Wolfsburg) 2000: "Heterotopías. Medio siglo sin lugar. 1918–1968", Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía (Madrid) 2000: "Século 20. Arte do Brasil", Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, Centro de Arte Moderna José de Azeredo Perdigão (Lisbon) 2000–2002: "Brasil 1920–1950. De la antropofagia a Brasília", Institut Valencià d’Art Modern, Centre Julio González (Valencia); Museu de Arte Brasileira (São Paulo) 2002: "Grupo Ruptura. Arte concreta paulista. Revisitando a exposição inaugural", Maria Antônia University Center of University of São Paulo (São Paulo) 2003: "Cuasi-corpus. Arte concreto y neoconcreto de Brasil", Museo de Arte Contemporáneo Internacional Rufino Tamayo (Mexico City); Museo de Arte Contemporáneo (Monterrey) 2006: "Cruce de miradas. Visiones de América Latina. Colección Patricia Phelps de Cisneros", Museo del Palacio de Bellas Artes (Mexico City) 2006: "The Sites of Latin American Abstraction", Cisneros Fontanals Art Foundation (Miami, Florida) – traveling exhibition 2007: "Desenho construtivista brasileiro", Museu de Arte Moderna do Rio de Janeiro (Rio de Janeiro) 2007: "The Geometry of Hope. Latin American Abstract Art from the Patricia Phelps de Cisneros Collection", Blanton Museum of Art, The University of Texas at Austin (Austin, Texas); Grey Art Gallery, New York University (New York) 2007-08: "New Perspectives in Latin American Art, 1930–2006: Selections from a Decade of Acquisitions", Museum of Modern Art (New York) – November 21, 2007 – February 25, 2008 2008: "Diálogo concreto – Design e construtivismo no Brasil", Caixa Cultural (Rio de Janeiro) 2009: "Foto Cine Clube Bandeirante. 70 Anos", Centro Cultural São Paulo (São Paulo) 2009: "Experimentaciones. La experiencia concreta y neoconcreta en la fotografía brasileña", Museo de Arte Contemporáneo Parque Forestal y Espacio ArteAbierto de Fundación Itaú (Santiago) – traveling exhibition 2010: "Moderna para sempre. Fotografia modernista brasileira na Coleção Itaú", Museu de Arte do Rio Grande do Sul Ado Malagoli (Porto Alegre) 2010: "Vibración. Moderne Kunst aus Lateinamerika. The Ella Fontanals-Cisneros Collection", Bundeskunsthalle (Bonn) 2010: "Constructive Spirit. Abstract Art in South and North America, 1920s–50s", Newark Museum (Newark, New Jersey); Amon Carter Museum (Fort Worth, Texas)

Selected solo exhibitions 1950: "Fotoformas", Museu de Arte de São Paulo Assis Chateaubriand (São Paulo) 1965: Museo de Arte Moderno (Buenos Aires) [catalogue] 1976: "12 anos de pintura, 1964 a 1976", Museu de Arte Moderna de Sao Paulo (São Paulo) [catalogue] 1987: Tschudi Galerie (Glarus, Switzerland) [brochure] 1993: "Peintre et photographe", Musée de l’Elysée (Lausanne) 1994: "Fotógrafo", Museu da Imagem e do Som (São Paulo) [catalogue] 1996: "Precursor", Centro Cultural Banco do Brasil (Rio de Janeiro) [catalogue] 1999: MMA Collection, Museu de Arte Moderna do Rio de Janeiro (Rio de Janeiro) [catalogue] 1999–2000: "Fotoformas", Museum Ludwig (Cologne); SESC Pompéia (São Paulo); Musée de l’Elysée (Lausanne) [catalogue] 2001: "Geraldo de Barros and Lygia Pape", Americas Society (New York) [catalogue] 2005: "Javier Pérez. Geraldo de Barros", Galerie Guy Bärtschi (Geneva) 2006: "Fotoformas. Fotografías – Photographies", Museu da Imagem e do Som (São Paulo) [catalogue] 2008: "Free, Freed and Freeing", Sicardi Gallery (Houston, Texas) [catalogue] 2013: "Fotoformas" / "Sobras", The Photographers' Gallery (London)

Selected works (1949) (1949) (1949) (1949) Mouvement giratoire at Museum of Fine Arts, Houston (1949) São Paulo, Brazil, Neg. 50 at Museum of Fine Arts, Houston (1949) (1948–50) (1952) Concreto at Museum of Fine Arts, Houston (1953) Cartaz para o IV Centenário de São Paulo at Museum of Fine Arts, Houston (1954)

Selected publications – 5. September bis 10. Oktober 1987, Galerie Tschudi, Glarus – Catálogo de exposição 25 de janeiro a 24 de março de 1996 – Published on the occasion of the exhibition "Geraldo de Barros: Fotoformas", held at Museum Ludwig, Köln, (26.8.1999 - 25.1.2000); SESC Pompeia, Sao Paulo, (3.11.-3.12.1999); Musée de l'Elysée, Lausanne (July–Sept. 2000) – Published in conjunction with an exhibition organized by the Americas Society as part of "Forma: Brazil series" held from March 20 – May 6, 2001

– Published on the occasion of the exhibition, "Geraldo de Barros", which took place at the Sicard Gallery in Houston Texas from May 28 – July 5, 2008 – Published on the occasion of the exhibition "Geraldo de Barros: What Remains", held at the Photographers' Gallery, London, 17 January - 7 September 2013 – Published on the occasion of the exhibition "Geraldo de Barros: Jogos de Dados e Sobras (1980–1990)" held 11 July - 8 Sept., 2013 at Sesc Vila Mariana in São Paulo