Margaret Jewett Smith Bailey

Margaret Jewett Bailey ( Smith; later Waddle and Crane; c. 1812 – 1882) was an American pioneer, missionary, and author from Oregon.

Bailey, using the pen name Ruth Rover, wrote one of the earliest literary works published in Oregon, The Grains, or, Passages in the Life of Ruth Rover, with Occasional Pictures of Oregon, Natural and Moral. According to historian Edwin Bingham in the foreword to the 1986 edition, Grains is "part autobiography, part religious testimonial, part history and travelogue", but "by stretching the definition, The Grains may be called a novel, the first novel written and published on the Pacific coast." Smith, who worked as a teacher, was the only unmarried white woman at the mission, thus the mission authorities pressured her to marry. Smith lived with Bailey on their farm in French Prairie and became a regular contributor of prose and poetry to the Oregon Spectator beginning in 1846. According to Bailey, as she writes in the first chapter of Grains, "I am avoided and shunned, and slighted, and regarded with suspicions in every place till my life is more burdensome than death would be." Bailey was already known to some Oregon readers by the time The Grains was published because of her work in the Spectator (signed "MJB"), and her letters home that were printed in Boston- and New York-based Christian newspapers as early as 1838. According to the editors of the 1986 edition, Bailey's account of the facts of her life with the mission is accurate, although her interpretation of the events was sometimes biased. For example, she attributed the many misfortunes that befell David Leslie and his family (fires, the death of his wife and several children, illnesses) to divine retribution for his ill treatment of her. Per the editors of the 1986 reprint of the novel, although the heroine of the book is named "Ruth Rover", "there seems to have been no doubt in anyone's mind at the time of its publication that this book was a thinly disguised autobiography of Margaret Jewett (Smith) Bailey". The book drew on letters and her diary and journal entries, but she disguised the names of many of the principal characters (Willson becomes "Wiley", Leslie becomes "Leland", and Bailey becomes "Binney").

At the time of its release, Bailey's book received poor reviews and according to some scholars, most of the copies were destroyed. Most of the criticism of Bailey's work was due to her being a woman and a divorcee.

The Grains, which was considered a "lost" work, was republished in a single volume by the Oregon State University Press in 1986 and was produced by combining the last three known copies in existence with a separately published story.

A review of the 1986 edition notes that as a primary source, the book is a "fascinating (if seamy) insight into the workings of both daily life and internecine warfare at the 'Oregon Mission'". The reviewer thinks the book is less successful as a domestic novel such as those written by contemporaries Susan Warner and Mary Jane Holmes.

Later life Bailey married Francis Waddle in Polk County in 1855 and they divorced in 1858. Bailey later moved to the Washington Territory and married a man named Crane. She died in poverty in Seattle on May 17, 1882, as Margaret J. Crane.

Other early Northwest works Although Bailey's Grains is considered by many scholars to be the first novel published in Oregon, and she is the first Oregon woman writer to appear in print, several other early works are often mentioned as part of the literary foundation of what became the Northwestern United States.

In March 1838, Anna Maria Pittman Lee wrote the first poem in Oregon, a farewell to her husband Jason Lee. In 1843, the novel Prairie Flower was written by Sidney Walter Moss, and was probably the first novel written in Oregon. Moss, who was from Oregon City, sent the manuscript with a friend to the east coast where it was published by Stratton & Barnard in Cincinnati, Ohio under the name Emerson Bennett, a well-known author of the time. In 1852, the satiric political play Treason, Strategems , and Spoils, A Melodrame in Five Acts by Breakspear (William Lysander Adams) was published in five installments in The Oregonian and appeared later as a pamphlet. James G. Swan's The Northwest Coast, or, Three Years' Residence in Washington Territory was published in 1856.