Marc René, marquis de Montalembert

Maréchal de camp Marc René, marquis de Montalembert (16 July 1714 – 29 March 1800) was a French Royal Army officer and writer best known for his work on fortifications and writings on military engineering.

Life

He was born on 16 July 1714 at Angoulême, and joined the French Royal Army in 1732. He fought in the War of the Polish Succession on the Rhine, and in the War of the Austrian Succession made the campaigns of 1742 in Bohemia and Italy. In the years preceding the Seven Years' War, Montalembert (who had become an associate member of the Académie des Sciences in 1747) devoted his energies to the art of fortification, to which Vauban's Traité de l'attaque attracted him, and founded the cannon foundry Ruelle Foundry at Ruelle, near his birthplace. He obtained the annulment of the sequestration.

Carnot often called him into consultation on military affairs, and, in 1792, promoted him general of division. Proposed as a member of the Institut de France in 1797, he withdrew his candidature in favour of General Bonaparte.

His wife, Marie Josephine de Comarieu, was the hostess of one of the best-known salons of Louis XVI's time. She wrote two novels of merit, Elise Dumesnil (1798) and Horace (1822). She died in 1832.

Works Besides his masterpiece, he wrote L'Art défensif supérieur à l'offensif (1793; in reply to attacks made upon his earliest work, La Fortification perpendiculaire, of which in later editions it forms part); Mémoire historique sur la fonte des canons (Paris, 1758), and other works on the same subject; (London, 1777); Rotation des boulets (Acad., 1755); and Relation du siège de Saint-Jean-d'Acre (Paris, 1789).

He also wrote short stories and verse, as well as comedies. He also modelled a complete course of fortification (92 models), which he offered to the Committee of Public Safety. His bust was sculpted by Bonvallet.

Montalembert's position in the history of fortification may be summed up as a realization of his own wish to do for the defence what Vauban had done for the attack. It was the inability of his contemporaries to see that Vauban's strength lay in his parallels and batteries and not in his bastions that vitiated their methods, and it was Montalembert's appreciation of this fact which made him the father of modern fortification. See Tripier, La Fortification déduite de son histoire (Paris, 1866).

Family His nephew, also called Marc-René (1777–1831), was the father of Charles Forbes René de Montalembert, a French politician.