Kolë Idromeno

Nikoll Idromeno (Greek: Νικόλαος Ιδρωμένος; ; 15 August 186012 December 1939), better known as Kolë Idromeno, was an Albanian painter, sculptor, architect, photographer, cinematographer, composer and engineer during the Albanian National Awakening in the nineteenth century. He is regarded as a precursor of both realism and landscape art in Albania, and as the country's greatest artist. He is also considered "the father of Albanian Renaissance painting".

Kolë Idromeno was born into a Greek family in Shkodër, which was at that time part of the Ottoman Empire. At age 16, he moved to Venice for six months and began his studies at the Accademia di Belle Arti di Venezia. Subsequently, he travelled throughout Europe and moved back to Shkodër and worked in a variety of artistic fields. He was committed to the Independence of Albania, which led to him being forced to emigrate to Ulcinj.

Among his important works are a series of paintings where he tried to depict the social aspects of everyday life, customs and religion exactly as it appears. He was distinguished for his rich use of colours and decorative shades with certain ethnographic elements and landscapes depicting places in or near Shkodër.

After his studies in Venice, he started to travel around Europe and decided to move back to his hometown in 1878. There, he engaged himself in a number of different activities, working as in the fields of architecture, sculpture, photography, painting, composing, scenic design and engineering.

Career

Work

Kolë Idromeno is considered as the founder of Realism in the country and the most important painter of the Albanian National Awakening, which started in the 19th century. He is referred as Michelangelo of Albania. Idromeno established photographic studio and was the first artist to show motion pictures in country in 1912. In addition, he had kept up a correspondence with the Lumière brothers in Paris. In 1923, Idromeno was the initiator of the first art exhibition in Shkodër and was represented in the first national art exhibition in Tirana in 1931.

Until 1896, Idromeno painted mainly paintings with religious themes. Afterwards, he painted probably the first Albanian secular and realistic pictures with illustrating historical events and everyday motifs such as festivals and costumes such as "Dasma Shkodrane". He went on to paint various landscapes, "Oborri i Shtëpisë Shkodrane", and became the first landscape painter of modern Albanian art. His most famous work is Motra Tone (English: "Our Sister"), which shows his sister. This artwork is sometimes referred to as the Albanian Mona Lisa. His works were represented in international exhibitions for example in Budapest, Austria-Hungary (1900) and New York City, United States (1939).

His portrait of Gjergj Kastriot Skënderbeu, painted in 1890, was included in the book 51 piktorë shqiptarë- Koleksioni Shehaj në historinë e pikturës shqiptare [51 Albanian Painters - The Shehaj Collection in the History of Albanian Painting] (2016), by Suzana Varvarica Kuka, based on the art collection of the Shehaj family.

As an architect, Idromeno designed many buildings in Shkodra. They includes Kafja e Madhe, the St. Stephen's Cathedral, Church of Shirokë, the first electrical station in the town, Radovan Building, the Prefecture Building, Mosque of Parrucë and most of the residences of villas along the main boulevard in the northern historical district of Shkodra.