John Peter Van Ness

Johannes Petrus "John Peter" Van Ness (November 4, 1769 – March 7, 1846) was an American politician who served as a U.S. representative from New York from 1801 to 1803 and Mayor of Washington, D.C. from 1830 to 1834.

Early life Van Ness was born in Ghent in the Province of New York on November 4, 1769. He was the son of Elbertje Hogeboom (1743–1806) and Judge Peter Van Ness (1734–1804) and was a member of an old Dutch family. His father was an officer during the American Revolution and a New York politician, who owned land and a brick mansion in Columbia County. Martin Van Buren later bought much of the land and the mansion became Van Buren's home Lindenwald. The 1790 census shows that Peter Van Ness had 10 enslaved people in the household.

John Peter was the older brother of William P. Van Ness (1778–1826), a federal judge, and Cornelius P. Van Ness (1782–1852), an Ambassador to Spain and Governor of Vermont.

On January 17, 1803, Van Ness's seat was declared vacant, because in 1802 he had been appointed by President Thomas Jefferson as a major in the District of Columbia militia and under the U.S. Constitution no member of Congress could hold another federal office. He then made Washington his home and was president of the second council in 1803. He was promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel commandant of the first legion of militia in 1805, brigadier general in 1811, and major general in 1813. From 1811 to 1814, he served as the second Commanding General of the District of Columbia National Guard. He also recommended keeping members of the militia on federal active duty so they could respond to a British attack if necessary, but John Armstrong Jr., the Secretary of War, declined. He was a friend of Washington Irving. Van Ness was a slaveowner.

In 1829, he was an alderman of the city of Washington and from 1830 to 1834, Van Ness was the mayor of Washington, D.C. Van Ness, along with John Tayloe III and Charles Carnan Ridgely and the support of Dr. William Thornton, G. W. P. Custis, John Threlkeld of Georgetown, and George Calvert of Riversdale, the contests were moved to Meridian Hill, south of Columbia Road between Fourteenth and Sixteenth Streets, and were conducted at the Holmstead Farm's one mile oval track.

Personal life Gilbert Stuart, Marcia Van Ness, 1805, original on display at Edgewater, a historic mansion in Barrytown, New York.

In 1802, Van Ness married Marcia Burns (1782–1832), the daughter of David Burnes (1739–1800) and M. Anne (née Wightt) (1740–1807). She was a prominent philanthropist herself, and supporter of the orphan asylum. Together, they were the parents of Ann Elbertina Van Ness (1803–1823), who married Arthur Middleton (1795-1853). He was the oldest son of Governor Henry Middleton of South Carolina and the grandson of Arthur Middleton, a signer of the Declaration of Independence.

Walter Paris, Van Ness Mansion, 1893, watercolor. The house built by Benjamin Henry Latrobe was completed in 1816. The couple lived at the Van Ness Mansion, constructed in 1813 to 1816, located at Constitution Avenue and 17th Street, and 18th Street, N.W. It was demolished for the Pan American Union Building.

Van Ness died on March 7, 1846, and was entombed in the Van Ness Mausoleum, which originally stood on H Street, N.W., between Ninth and Tenth Streets in Washington, D.C. His wife who had died September 9, 1832, was also entombed there. In 1872, the mausoleum and the Van Ness remains were moved to Oak Hill Cemetery in Georgetown.

Philanthropy Although not a Catholic, Van Ness donated the land on which the cornerstone of St. Mary Mother of God church, at the southeast corner of Fifth Street and H Street, N.W. would be laid on March 25, 1846. The land donation was made with the stipulations that Catholic worship should begin there within one year, ensuring the completion of the church on October 18, 1846, and that worship be regularly continued there. If Catholic worship were to ever cease at the location, the land would revert to the Van Ness family. A new building was constructed in 1890, and the site continues to be the home of St. Mary Mother of God church.