James Olds

James Olds (May 30, 1922 – August 21, 1976) was an American psychologist who is considered to be one of the founders of modern neuroscience. In 1954, while working at McGill University, Olds and Peter Milner made their most important discovery, initially considered to be the brain's "pleasure centres", and now known to be parts of its reward system. Olds received numerous distinctions ranging from election to the United States National Academy of Sciences to the Newcomb Cleveland Prize of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

Biography Early life and education Olds was born in Chicago, Illinois, and grew up in Nyack, New York. His father, Leland Olds, later became chairman of the Federal Power Commission during the 1940s. His grandfather George D. Olds was the ninth president of Amherst College.

Olds attended college at a number of schools including St. John's College, Annapolis, and the University of Wisconsin but received his undergraduate B.A. from Amherst College in 1947. His undergraduate years were interrupted by military service with the U.S. Army during World War 2 as part of the Persian Gulf Command. After the war, Olds obtained a Ph.D. at Harvard University in the Department of Social Relations supervised by Professor Richard L. Solomon. His thesis concerned motivation and resulted in his subsequent interest in the biological basis of motivation.

Olds married Marianne E. Olds in 1947. They had two children, Jacqueline Olds and James L. Olds.

Career After obtaining his Ph.D., Olds did postdoctoral work at McGill University supervised by Donald Olding Hebb, where he made his most important discovery with Peter Milner. Subsequently, Olds relocated to UCLA, where he received his first academic appointment at the Brain Research Institute. In 1957 Olds was appointed associate professor in the Department of Psychology at the University of Michigan. He left Michigan in 1969 to become the Bing Professor of Behavioral Biology at the California Institute of Technology where he continued his research and headed up a large laboratory until his death as a result of a swimming accident in August 1976. His last work concerned research of the mechanisms of learning and memory.