Huang Shaoxiong

Huang Shaohong (1895 – August 31, 1966) was a Chinese general and politician who governed Guangxi as part of the New Guangxi Clique through the latter part of the Warlord Era and a later a leader in the Nationalist government of the Republic of China. He later defected to the Chinese Communists during the Chinese Civil War, but suffered persecution during the Anti-Rightist Campaign and the Cultural Revolution. He committed suicide during the latter in 1966.

Biography Huang was born in 1895 in Rong County, Guangxi. After the 1911 Revolution he attended the Guangxi Military Cadre Training School in Guilin along with Bai Chongxi and Li Zongren. Later he rose to command the Model Battalion, a modern professional military formation equipped with machine guns.

In the confused power struggles following the Guangdong-Guangxi War, local military figures began to carve out territory in Guangxi and dominate it. In the southwest were the opium trails from both Yunnan and Guizhou that ran through Baise and then down the river to Nanning, from whence opium usually went out through Wuzhou, where the trade was financed.

During the Guangdong–Guangxi Wars Huang, then the commander of the Model Battalion, attempted to stay neutral and relocated to Baise in the far northwest. By stages he came to control Baise, and with it the opium trade. Later he expanded his control to Wuzhou, thus locking up the portals through which opium both entered and left Guangxi. By the spring of 1924 the new Guangxi Clique had formed and created the Guangxi Pacification Army. Li Zongren was the Commander-in-Chief, Huang the deputy Commander and Bai Chongxi the Chief of Staff. By August they had defeated and driven former ruler Lu Rongting and other contenders out of the province and Huang became the civil governor of Guangxi from 1924-29. He was also interior and transportation minister in the National Government of Chiang Kai-shek after 1927.

During the Kumul Rebellion Chiang Kai-shek was ready to send Huang and his expeditionary force, which he assembled to assist Muslim Gen. Ma Zhongying against Sheng Shicai, but when Chiang heard about the Soviet Invasion of Xinjiang, he decided to withdraw to avoid an international incident if his troops directly engaged the Soviets, leaving Ma alone without reinforcements to fight the Red Army.

Huang became chairman of the government of Zhejiang from 1934–35 and Hubei from 1936-37. Again from 1937-46 he became chairman of the government of Zhejiang and commander of the 15th Army of the National Revolutionary Army. During World War II he was named deputy commander-in-chief of the 2nd War Zone. After the war he was named head of the Supervisory Committee and elected member of the Legislative Yuan (parliament).

During the Chinese Civil War peace talks in March 1949, he was one of the Kuomintang delegates. He and Zhang Zhizhong agreed to accept the cease-fire conditions submitted by the Communist Party. When the Kuomintang leadership turned them down later, Huang fled to British Hong Kong and declared his defection from the Kuomintang and joined the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) in September 1949.

After the founding of the People's Republic, Huang was elected a member of the State Council, National People's Congress, and CPPCC. He was also a member of the Standing Committee of the Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang. During the Anti-Rightist Movement, Huang was labeled a rightist. Later, during the Cultural Revolution, he was again determined to be a "rightist." Unable to stand the persecution of the Red Guards, he committed suicide at home on August 31, 1966, in Beijing.