Hu Qiaomu

Hu Qiaomu (4 June 1912 – 28 September 1992) was a Chinese sociologist, Marxist philosopher and politician.

Hu Qiaomu is a controversial figure for opposing the reform and opening up era of economic reform that followed the death of Mao Zedong. joining the Communist Youth League of China in 1930 and the CCP in 1932. In the early part of his career, he was, in chronological order, the party secretary (Communist Youth League of China) in Xijiao District, Beiping City (now Beijing) and the head of the Propaganda Department (Communist Youth League of China) in Xijiao District, Beiping City. He was a leader of the anti-Japanese student and worker movement in Beiping. In 1936, he became the general secretary of the Chinese Sociologist League , the general secretary of the Chinese Leftism Cultural League , and a member of the CCP Jiangsu Province Temporary Committee of Labours .

Hu's "The Anti-Superstition Outline," a 1940 article, described religion and superstition as the antithesis of science and a tool of class exploitation. Hu described ritual practitioners as using "the morals of prostitutes": whoever paid more got more divine favor.

In 1954, he participated in making the Constitution of the People's Republic of China. In 1956, Hu was elected to be a member of the Eighth Politburo of the CCP and the alternative secretary of the Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party. In 1977, he became the first president of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and later on, advisor and the honorary president.

In 1951 Hu wrote "Thirty Years of the Chinese Communist Party". The book emphasised the Mao Zedong's ideological importance, writing that only he was able to correctly interpret and apply Marxism–Leninism to the Chinese situation.

Subsequent career and intellectual contributions Hu was persecuted during the Cultural Revolution and rehabilitated in the 1970s. Deng assigned CAS vice president Hu Yaobang to draft a plan for overhauling CAS, with Deng and Hu revising the draft, which was issued in September 1974 as "The Outline Report on the Work of the Academy of Sciences". In 1980, Hu was selected to draft the Resolution on Certain Questions in the History of Our Party since the Founding of the People's Republic of China. Hu was instrumental in promoting the Second Sino-Japanese War as an academic subject. On 30 October, Hu Qiaomu and Deng Liqun announced the resignation of the People's Daily editor Hu Jiwei and his deputy Wang Ruoshui. Among other contributions, he provided input on the script of The Song of the Chinese Revolution to improve its historical accuracy. In 1984, while visiting Xiamen, Hu declared that "special economic zones are not special political zones, and whollyowned [foreign] enterprises are not foreign concessions." After the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre, Hu Qiaomu argued the failure to properly control the press "guided matters in the direction of chaos". In March 1990, Hu declared that CCP history "is not orientated to the past; it is to confront the present and face the future" and "support the leadership of the party". Hu wrote the speech for CCP General Secretary Jiang Zemin for the 70th Anniversary of the CCP in July 1991. He died in 1992.