Giovanni Preziosi

Giovanni Preziosi (24 October 1881 – 26 April 1945) was an Italian fascist politician noted for his contributions to Fascist Italy.

Early life and career Preziosi was born on 24 October 1881 in Torella dei Lombardi into a middle-class family. He joined the priesthood after completing his studies. Although he was defrocked in 1911, he remained a lifelong adherent of conservative Catholicism. He then followed a career in journalism, founding the Vita Italiana all'estero as a magazine for emigrants. He soon became involved in Italian fascist political circles, eventually becoming a member of Benito Mussolini's National Fascist Party and taking part in the March on Rome. He argued the Jews were incapable of being racially and spiritually Italian due to what he considered to be their alleged double loyalties and the growth of Zionism, and believed in the notions that Jews were behind communism, Freemasonry, capitalism, and democracy. Such were the strength of his beliefs that Preziosi criticized a contemporary antisemitic critic Paolo Orano for his perceived soft stance on Jews.

Although a hardliner in terms of his fascism, Preziosi denounced Nazism as parochial, exclusionary, and responsible for pushing Europe towards communism. In his early years, he had demonstrated a strong Germanophobia, and published a book entitled Germania alla conquista dell'Italia in 1916. From 1933 onward, he changed tack, becoming a strong advocate of close co-operation with Nazi Germany and occasionally criticized Italian fascism for its lack of emphasis on perceived Jewish wrongdoings. Preziosi's growing prestige was rewarded in 1942 when he was made a minister of state. Following the formation of (RSI), Preziosi was initially moved to Nazi Germany where he was to serve as Adolf Hitler's adviser on Italian affairs.

Preziosi returned to Italy in March 1944 to head up an Ispettorato Generale della Razza (General Inspectorate of Race). In this role, he introduced a system based on the Nuremberg Laws and used the new code to crack down on Jewish elements which were deemed unacceptable. During the RSI years, he pursued the extermination of the Jews, in the words of the historian of fascism Emilio Gentile, "with fanatical fury". Along with Roberto Farinacci, he also became a close ally of Julius Evola during this period in a pro-fascistic alliance. Preziosi's activities were at times frustrated by Mussolini, who held a long-standing personal distrust of him, but feared making of him a permanent foe; Preziosi's efforts still ensured that the puppet state would be involved in the Nazi war effort.

In the late days of the war, following a narrow escape from the Italian partisans on 26 April 1945, Preziosi fled on foot with his wife Valeria to the city of Milan, where they found refuge in the homes of friends. The next day, they were found to have taken their own lives by throwing themselves out of a fourth floor window. In his farewell letter, Preziosi wrote: "I have lived my whole life for the greatness of my fatherland. I followed Mussolini because I saw in him the man who could give greatness to the Fatherland. After 25 July I hoped again. Today, when everything collapses, I can do nothing better than not survive. In this act she follows me who has shared all my struggles and all my hopes. One day, our son Romano will be proud of this gesture."