Gelegdorjiin Demid

Gelegdorjiin Demid (; 1900 – August 22, 1937) was a prominent political and military figure in 1920s and 1930s Mongolia who served as minister of war and Marshal of the Mongolian People's Republic (general chief commander) of the Mongolian armed forces. His death under suspicious circumstances in 1937 allowed his rival Khorloogiin Choibalsan to consolidate power and subsequently launch the Great Terror during which 30,000 to 35,000 Mongolians died.

Career

Demid was born in 1900 in present-day Ikh-Tamir, Arkhangai Province. In 1921 he joined the Mongolian People's Party and fought as a partisan during the Mongolian Revolution of 1921. After the revolution, Demid served in the Mongolian military and taught at Mongolia's Military Academy. From 1926 to 1929 he studied at the Red Army Cavalry School in Tver, returning to Mongolia in 1929 to take command of the Military Academy.

Through the 1930s he held several important political and military posts including president of the military council, minister of war, and second deputy chairman of the council of ministers. The death of his rival cleared the way for Choibalsan to accede to the dual role of sole Commander-in-Chief of the Mongolian military and minister of war, in addition to being minister of interior.

The day after Demid's burial, on September 3, 1937, Choibalsan issued Order 366, which declared that many in Mongolia “had fallen under the influence of Japanese spies and provocateurs.” A few days later Demid himself was posthumously declared the head of a counter-revolutionary organization and a Japanese spy. Demid's widow Navch, his two brothers, and his father were arrested.

By the end of August, Stalin had ordered the stationing of 30,000 Red Army troops in Mongolia to counter Japanese military movements in Manchuria. Stalin also dispatched Soviet Deputy NKVD Commissar Mikhail Frinovsky to Ulaanbaatar to launch sweeping and violent purges against Buddhist clergy, intelligentsia, political dissidents, ethnic Buryats and Khazaks, and other "enemies of the revolution", similar to the purges he had so effectively managed in the Soviet Union under NKVD Chief Nikolai Yezhov.

Demid was rehabilitated in June 1962 and posthumously restored as a member of the MPRP.