Blanche L. McSmith

Blanche Louise Preston McSmith (May 5, 1920 – July 28, 2006) was an African-American civil rights activist, businesswoman and politician.

McSmith was born in Marshall, Texas and graduated from Wiley College in 1941. She received her master's degree in social work from University of Southern California in 1944. In 1949, McSmith and her husband William McSmith moved to Kodiak, Alaska Territory, and then to Anchorage, Alaska Territory, in 1950. McSmith and her husband owned an electronics business and were involved in real estate in Anchorage. McSmith was involved with the NAACP and helped set up its branch in Anchorage. McSmith served in the Alaska House of Representatives in 1960 after being appointed to fill a vacancy when John L. Rader resigned from the Alaska Legislature, when he was appointed Alaska Attorney General. McSmith was a Democrat. McSmith was the first African-American to serve in the Alaska Legislature. In 1972, McSmith was appointed director of the Office of the Alaska Governor for the Public Employment Program in Juneau, Alaska. McSmith died in Anchorage, Alaska, and was buried at Anchorage Memorial Park.

Early life and education McSmith was born Blanche Louise Preston on May 5, 1920, in Marshall, Texas. Her father, William A. Preston, was a school principal and a Baptist minister who preached against the evils of racism. Her mother, Myrtle O. Butte Preston, was a teacher. Blanche was one of three children.

In 1941, she earned a bachelor's degree from Wiley College, a historic black college in Marshall that continues to operate. She went on to earn a master's degree in social work from the University of Southern California in 1944. The NAACP chapter was active in local and statewide efforts to fight discrimination.

McSmith was one of four Black civil rights activists who held an early-1950s sit-in at an Anchorage restaurant known to discriminate against African-Americans. The protest, at the Pagoda restaurant, may have been the first in the city. On June 8, 1953, the four went into the restaurant and waited to be seated. They were ignored, while white patrons were escorted to tables. The four later pressed charges, because the restaurant's action violated terms of Alaska's Anti-Discrimination Act of 1945. Despite having the law on their side, they lost the case at trial.

McSmith and the NAACP also fought housing discrimination. Many subdivision covenants limited homeowners and renters to “those of the White or Caucasian race.” Such restrictions were legally unenforceable, but were socially enforced by local realtors and developers. The Spotlight was published from 1952 to about 1968.

McSmith, a Democrat, served as NAACP president in 1959. That same year, Gov. William Egan, a Valdez Democrat, appointed her to fill an empty seat representing the 10th District of the Alaska House of Representatives. Her swearing in was noted on the pages of Jet Magazine, a national publication for and about African Americans.

She ran for the seat in 1962 but lost in a 14-candidate race.

It wasn't until 1990 that another African-American woman served in the state legislature. In 1990, social worker Bettye Jean Ivory Davis won an election to represent an Anchorage district in the state House of Representatives. She spent 16 years in the state House and Senate.

While in office, McSmith proposed the first bill to establish an Alaska Civil Rights Commission. And in 1963, Gov. Egan swore in the State Commission for Human Rights’ first commissioners.

She also proposed a fair housing law during her legislative tenure. It failed, but in 1967, a similar ordinance was approved in Anchorage with her support.

McSmith moved from Anchorage to Juneau in 1972 to become Public Employment Program Director in the Office of Gov. William Egan. There, she was a strong advocate for fair employment efforts aimed at ending employment discrimination.