Anzavur Ahmed Pasha

Anzavur Ahmed Anchok Pasha (; ; 1885 – 15 April 1921) was an Ottoman soldier, gendarme officer, pasha, and militia leader of Circassian origin. He became a guerrilla leader in Anatolia and started a series of unsuccessful pro-Ottoman operations against the provisional Government of the Grand National Assembly.

Biography Anzavur was borm in the Circassian Anchok family, which was deported to the Ottoman Empire during the Circassian genocide. He served as a major during World War I and was affiliated with the Special Organization. After the Ottomans lost the war, he believed that the only route to salvation was to cooperate with the invading British forces, as he was loyal to the caliph, and he believed Mustafa Kemal Atatürk's Turkish National Movement was not only blasphemous, but also would eventually fail and do nothing but anger the British-Greek forces.

First revolt The first uprising of Ahmet Anzavur occurred in Manyas in October 1919. Anzavur's declaration to the people of Manyas was that he intended to capture or kill Hacim Muhittin Çarıklı, the Nationalist commander in the region of Balıkesir. After avoiding talks with Nationalists about the cessation of hostilities, Anzavur and his men were labeled common criminals and tools of the British and the palace. Anzavur's forces took heavy losses and were forced to retreat north through Susurluk, whilst being pursued by Köprülülü Hamdi. As winter approached, Anzavur disbanded his forces. Hostilities began again on 16 February 1920. As the vanguard of Anzavur's motley army entered Biga, shots rang out. Hamidi fled to a nearby weapons depot as the town fell to Anzavur, the men of the army and town embracing each other. Anzavur led the defense. Those who followed him, largely Circassians and Pomaks, were mostly armed with sticks and axes. Ethem was given 2,000 soldiers to do so. The danger was recognized by the Nationalist government. Ethem was called upon again, fresh from putting down Anzavur's rebellion. His forces retook Adapazarı and Sapanca without a fight. The leader of the paramilitary groups was Arnavud Abdurrahman. Abdurrahman and his men ambushed and killed Ahmet Anzavur outside of Karabiga.