Annapurna Devi

Annapurna Devi (; 17 April 1927 – 13 October 2018) was an Indian surbahar player of Hindustani classical music and music teacher. She was given the name 'Annapurna' by Maharaja Brijnath Singh of the former Maihar Estate, and it was by this name that she was popularly known. She was the daughter and disciple of Ustad Allauddin Khan, and the sister of Ustad Ali Akbar Khan. Pandit Ravi Shankar was her first husband, with whom she had a son, Shubhendra Shankar, who was an artist and a sitarist.

She was an extremely private person and was never interested in being a professional musician like the rest of her family. However, she was active throughout her life as a teacher to many other prominent musicians like Nikhil Banerjee, Hariprasad Chaurasia, Nityanand Haldipur, Sudhir Phadke and Sandhya Phadke. She was the only known female maestro of the surbahar in the 20th century.

Biography Annapurna Devi was born on 17 April 1927 at Maihar, a princely state in Madhya Pradesh, India. Her father, Ustad Alauddin Khan, was the royal court musician at the court of Maharaja Brijnath Singh of Maihar State. Since on the day of her birth, he was away, it was the Maharaja who named her 'Annapurna'. Since she was born Muslim, her Islamic name was Roshanara Khan. However, she was always addressed to as Annapurna at home, and this name was legally formalised when she converted to Hinduism on the day of her marriage to Ravi Shankar.

Her father, Alauddin Khan was one of the disciples of Ustad Mohammad Wazir Khan, the last descendant of the Mian Tansen, and was therefore a musician of the Rampur Senia Gharana. He went on to found the Senia-Maihar Gharana, which was a branch of the Rampur Senia Gharana of Wazir Khan but with its own uniqueness as a result of the more eclectic erudition that Alauddin Khan himself had acquired in his life through many other gurus, his adherence to the Dhrupad style of playing, and his openness and versatiliity of baaj or playing style. Her uncles, Fakir Aftabuddin Khan and Ayet Ali Khan, were also musicians in Shibpur. Her brother, Ustad Ali Akbar Khan, was a sarod maestro and was considered by many as a 'national treasure' in India.

When she was young, her father discovered that she was pitch-perfect and had a knack for remembering notations although she was untrained. This led to him initiating her into Hindustani Classical music in vocal training. A case of tonsilitis and surgery led him to shift her to an instrument, the sitar. Initially, she was trained as a sitarist. However, her father felt that the more complex beenkari style of music of Wazir Khan, which he had learnt on the sursringar, could be handed down to her as legacy as she was more interested in being his erudite student than a performer. Therefore, he had her switch to the surbahar, which she played in the Wazirkhani beenkari style. This decision would lead to the handing down of the tantrakari or playing-style in an uncompromised form.

Annapurna Devi became a skilled musician within a few years of training. After her father's demise, she took control of her gharana and guided many of her father's disciples, including Nikhil Banerjee, Bahadur Khan, Ashish Khan, etc. in classical music and instrumental techniques.

On 15 May 1941, Annapurna Devi converted to Hinduism and married fellow pupil, Ravi Shankar, at the behest of Shankar's eldest brother Uday Shankar. Ravi Shankar would go on to become a world famous musician on his own right. Annapurna Devi died of age-related issues on 13 October 2018 in Mumbai, aged 91. In her last years, she was looked after by her students, primarily Pandit Nityanand Haldipur.

Career One of her earliest concerts with the surbahar was when she played in honour of the Raja of Maihar. She was rewarded with a large tract of land for her performance.

From 1946 to 1957, Ravi Shankar and Annapurna Devi performed duets in Delhi, Mumbai and Calcutta. Her student Vinay Bharat Ram had once reported that she was uncomfortable accepting payment for concerts, as it was her belief that it was akin to selling the goddess Saraswati. 1991, she received the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award (India's highest honour in performing arts).

1999, the Desikottama, an honorary doctorate degree by Visva-Bharati University. In 2004, she was made a fellow of the Sangeet Natak Akademi.