Anna Rochester

Anna Rochester (March 30, 1880 — May 11, 1966) was an American labor reformer, journalist, political activist, and Communist. Although for several years an editor of the liberal monthly The World Tomorrow, Rochester is best remembered as a co-founder of the Labor Research Association, a bureau which collected and interpreted labor statistics in close coordination with the Communist Party USA.

In the 21st century Rochester became the subject of academic interest for the duality of her public political activity with successful maintenance of a long-term same-sex affectionate relationship with fellow communist Grace Hutchins, a relationship considered taboo according to the social mores of the day. Although the pair lived as partners for over 40 years, Rochester never self-identified as a lesbian and the question of whether the pair were sexually intimate remains unresolved.

Biography

Early years

Anna Rochester was born March 30, 1880, in New York City. She was the daughter of Roswell Hart Rochester, an executive who worked as Treasurer of the Western Union Telegraph Company, and his wife, the former Louise Agatha Bauman, who had been a public school teacher before her marriage. Anna was the couple's only child.

Anna spent her developmental years in privilege in the city of Englewood, New Jersey, a comfortable suburb of New York City. She exhibited intelligence and a penchant for scholarship at a comparatively young age, and briefly aspired to the advanced study of mathematics.

The Rochesters were a religious family and Anna was raised as a Protestant in the Episcopal Church, attending her first church service when she was just 5 and undergoing confirmation as a member of the church in 1894, at the age of 14. Anna was strongly imbued with the moral code of the church, which stressed simplicity, modesty, and service to others.

Rochester was admitted to Bryn Mawr College, one of America's premier women's liberal arts universities, located ten miles west of Philadelphia. This would mark the end of Rochester's tenure at Bryn Mawr. Anna became her mother's caretaker, visiting the spas of Europe and vacationing at summer resorts in search of a "cure."

The summer of 1904 mother and daughter spent at a new resort, Philbrook Farm of Shelburne, New Hampshire. Rochester continued in this same area in 1915 when she moved to the United States Children's Bureau, a government agency created in 1912, where she again worked on research and publications. She was 86 years old at the time of her death. She is buried at Brookside Cemetery, Englewood, with her parents.

Anna Rochester's papers reside in the Special Collections department of Knight Library at the University of Oregon in Eugene.

Footnotes

Works

The Eight Hour Day for Children. New York: National Child Labor Committee, 1914. Newspapers and Child Labor. New York: National Child Labor Committee, n.d. [c. 1914]. Children at Work on Men's Clothing. Child Labor in the Glass Industry. New York: National Child Labor Committee, 1914. Child Labor in Warring Countries: A Brief Review of Foreign Reports. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, 1917. Summary of Child-Welfare Laws Passed in 1916. With Lulu L Eckman and Ella Arvilla Merritt. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, 1917. Jesus Christ and the World Today. With Grace Hutchins. New York: George H. Doran, 1922. Infant Mortality: Results of a Field Study in Baltimore, Md., Based on Births in One Year. With Grace Lynde Meigs Crowder, Estelle B Hunter, Emma Duke, and Robert Morse Woodbury. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, 1923. Labor and Coal. New York: International Publishers, 1931. Profits and Wages: Employers' Incomes and Workers' Earnings. New York: International Publishers, 1932. Wall Street. New York: International Publishers, 1932. Your Dollar Under Roosevelt. New York: Workers Library Publishers, 1933. Profit and Wages: The Effect of the Crisis on Employers' Incomes and Workers' Earnings. New York: Workers Library Publishers, 1933. The Miners' Road to Freedom in a Soviet America. With Pat Toohey. New York: Workers Library Publishers, 1935. Rulers of America: A Study of Finance Capital. New York: International Publishers, 1936. Why Farmers Are Poor: The Agricultural Crisis in the United States. New York: International Publishers, 1940. "The Farm Problem and the Working Class," The Communist, June 1940, pp. 565–574. Lenin on the Agrarian Question. New York: International Publishers, 1942. Farmers in Nazi Germany. New York: Farm Research, Inc., 1942. The Populist Movement in the United States: The Rise, Growth, and Decline of the People's Party — A Social and Economic Interpretation. New York: International Publishers, 1943. Farmers and the War. New York: Workers Library Publishers, 1943, The Nature of Capitalism. New York: International Publishers, 1946. (a revised version of the author's Capitalism and Progress published a year earlier) American Capitalism: 1607-1800. New York: International Publishers, 1949.