Alfred Kühn

Alfred Richard Wilhelm Kühn (22 April 1885 – 22 November 1968) was a German zoologist and geneticist. A student of August Weismann, he was one of the pioneers of developmental biology. At a period when biology was largely descriptive, he collaborated with zoologists, botanists, organic chemists, and physicists conducting interdisciplinary studies, examining sensory biology (colour vision), behaviour, and biochemistry through experiments on organisms.

Life

Kühn was born in a family of physicians and academics. From 1904 to 1908 Alfred Kühn was as student of zoology and physiology in Freiburg. He received his habilitation in 1910. Starting in 1914 Kühn was associate professor at the University of Freiburg. His main academic influences were August Weismann (1834–1914) and Johannes von Kries (1853–1928). In 1914 he married Margaret Geiges (1888-1987), the daughter of the artist Fritz Geiges. The marriage remained childless. During World War I, he was drafted into military service, working on insect pests in the trenches. In 1918, Alfred Kühn was lecturer at the Humboldt University of Berlin. From 1920 on he was professor of zoology and genetics at the University of Göttingen. Among his major lines of investigation were the actions of genes in the development of organisms, particularly in the moth Ephestia kuehniella that he used as an experimental model. He collaborated with the botanist Fritz von Wettstein, the physicist Richard Pohl, the chemists Gottwalt Fischer and Adolf Butenandt. A major collaborator was his student Ernst Caspari who was employed by Kühn until 1935 when the Nazi administration dismissed him for being Jewish.

After the Nazi seizure of power, Kühn, together with Martin Staemmler and Friedrich Burgdörfer, authored the book Erbkunde, Rassenpflege, Bevölkerungspolitik. Schicksalsfragen des deutschen Volkes. In 1935 he received an evaluation by the Nazi government that says that he is doing his work in line with the Nazis, without feeling committed to the Nazi party. Starting 1937, Kühn was director of the Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut für Biologie in Berlin-Dahlem. Besides his research he was editor of the Zeitschrift für induktive Abstammungs- und Vererbungslehre and later also in charge of genetics at Der Biologe, a journal that was taken over by the SS's race science think tank. Elements of today's evolutionary developmental biology are related to Kühn's work.

His lecture notes on developmental biology (Vorlesungen über Entwicklungsphysiologie) were a standard textbook.

Honours 1966: Großes Verdienstkreuz mit Stern of Germany