Yisroel ben Shmuel of Shklov

Yisroel ben Shmuel Ashkenazi of Shklov (; c. 1770 – May 22, 1839) was a Lithuanian Jewish Talmudist, one of a group of Talmudical scholars of Shklov, He was among "the last arrivals drawn to Vilna by the Vilna Gaon (1720–1797; Rabbi Elijah ben Solomon Zalman). He served the Gaon for nearly a year, and helped organize some of his teachings for publication.

He was selected to arrange publication the Gaon's commentary to the first two parts of the Shulchan Aruch. That on the Orach Chaim was published in Shklov in 1803. Ashkenazi published Mishnas Eliyahu and Hagahos Ha'gra, a series of commentaries from the Vilna Gaon on tractate Shekalim of the Jerusalem Talmud, along with Tiklin Chadtin, which included his own commentary on the tractate. These three texts have been incorporated into the Vilna Edition Shas version of tractate Shekalim.

Later moved to Ottoman Syria and became the head of the German and Polish congregations of Safed and then of Jerusalem, earning the appellation "Ashkenazi" by the Sephardim, who came originally from Spain or Portugal, to emphasize his Eastern European origins.

Several years after settling in Safed in 1810, Ashkenazi travelled to Lithuania and other parts of what was then Russian Empire to raise funds for the needs of the people and institutions of the Yishuv haYashan. He also incorporated in this book the notes of the Vilna Gaon to the tractate Zera'im, the first order of the Mishnah, and gave in addition a voluminous commentary of his own which he called Beit Yisrael. The work was published in Safed in 1836 by the printing-house of Yisrael Bak.

Ashkenazi is also the author of Nachalah u-Menuchah, a collection of responsa mentioned in the work above. An account of his rabbinate of Jerusalem is given in Mendel ben Aaron's Kore ha-'Ittim (Vilna, 1840). Ashkenazi died at Tiberias on May 22, 1839.