Tupua Tamasese Titimaea

Tupua Tamasese Titimaea (1830–1891) was a Samoan paramount chief who held the title of Tupua Tamasese and was one of the claimants to the throne during the Samoan civil conflicts of the late 19th century. He was supportive of the German Empire's ambitions in Samoa and was in-turn backed by Germany. He briefly led the Kingdom of Samoa with German assistance from 1886 to 1889, and he flew his own flag, a red field with a white star in the upper hoist and a centered black cross.