Ran Singh Nakai

Sardar Ran Singh Nakai (1750–1784) was the third chief of the Nakai Misl, one of the Sikh groupings and guerilla militia that later became part of the Sikh Empire. He was born to the Sandhu family of Jat Sikhs. He was in campaigns with his father, Natha Singh Sandhu and uncle, Heera Singh Sandhu who was the founder of the Misl. He was the father of Maharani Datar Kaur and the father-in-law of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, the founder of the Sikh Empire. He was the grandfather of Maharaja Kharak Singh, the second king of the Sikh Empire and Sardar Kahan Singh Nakai, the last chief of the Nakai Misl.

Family history Ran Singh Sandhu was born into the family of the ruling Nakai Sardars. His father was Natha Singh Sandhu (d. 1768), nephew of the legendary Heera Singh Sandhu (1706-1767), founder of the principality of Nakai Misl in 1748. He had an older brother, Nahar Singh who briefly became the ruler of the Nakai Misl and a younger brother named Gurbaksh Singh.

According to a legend in 1595, Guru Arjan Dev (1563–1606), the Fifth Sikh Guru, with some of his followers visited the village of Baherwal. However, the Guru was not received with hospitality and he passed on to the neighbouring village of Jambar where he lay down on a charpai (cot) under a shady tree. When Chaudhary Hemraj, Sandhu Jat, who was absent when the Guru passed through his village, heard of what had happened rushed to Jambar and brought the Guru to his town and apologized for the inhospitality. The Guru blessed him and prophesied that one day his kin would rule. In 1733, Heera Singh became the first in his family to take Amrit Sanskar. In 1748, Heera Singh took possession of the lands surrounding his native village, Baherwal and countryside of Kasur which was located in the Nakka country South of Majha Region and his misl took the name of that area. Nakka in Punjabi means border or some sort of a gateway and the Nakka country was located between the Ravi and Sutlej south of Lahore. I n the following years he conquered Chunian from the Afghans but died near Pakpattan in a battle against Sujan Chisti- a devotee of the Shrine of Baba Farid.

Succession Ran Singh's elder brother Nahar Singh succeeded their uncle, Heera Singh as the second ruler of the Nakai Misl as Heera Singh's son Dal was still an infant. Nahar Singh's reign did not last very long. He died just nine months after his succession, in a fight at Kot Kamalia in 1768. After his death Ran Singh, became the next Sardar of the Misl. Despite all their efforts the Ran Singh was victorious due to his military prowess and aid he received from Sardar Amir Singh, leader of Janan community who were subjected to the unfair taxes of Kamar Singh. He continued to exceeded his rule to the taluqas of Bucheke, Chhanga Manga, 69 km from Lahore, Chhichha, Devsal, Fatahpur, Jethupur, Kasur, Kharral fort of Kot Kamalia, Sharakpur, Gugera pargana, 5 km to the west of the Ravi, and Shergarh. In 1781, Amir Singh killed Kamar Singh and Ran Singh conquered Syedwala. Kamar Singh's estates were inherited by his son-in-law, Dal Singh and brother-in-law, Wazir Singh. Wazir Singh swore revenge against Amir Singh and Ran Singh; and in 1782 he killed Amir Singh in battle. Ran Singh harbored ambitious to conquer Multan, but he was preoccupied by Wazir Singh's armed operations against him.

Issue Sardar Ran Singh Nakai was married to Bibi Karmo Kaur and had three sons and one daughter. Sardar Bhagwan Singh Nakai (d. 1789), fourth chief of the Nakai Misl, succeeded his father Sardar Gyan Singh Nakai (d. 1807), succeeded his brother as the fifth chief of the Nakai Misl Sahib Khazan Singh Nakai (d. 1835), was granted a jagir at Nankot by his brother-in-law, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Bibi Raj Kaur Nakai (d. 1838), was the queen consort of the Sikh Empire. Another daughter elder to Raj Kaur Bhagwan Singh Nakai succeeded his father, but the young chief was unable to hold most of his territories against Wazir Singh. Sardarni Karmo with her three sons— Bhagwan Singh, Gian Singh and Khazan Singh, came to a garden in Syedwala and accepted allegiance to Wazir Singh and got her villages released. Realizing they might lose all their territories to Wazir Singh, Sardarni Karmo Kaur had her son, Bhagwan Singh approach Sardar Maha Singh of the powerful Sukerchakia Misl to get her infant daughter, Raj Kaur Nakai betrothed to his the four-year-old son, Ranjit Singh; in order to gain a power ally. Maha Singh accepted the alliance, this was the first political alliance between the Sukerchakis and the Nakais. Wazir Singh tried to break off this match, but was unable to do so and decided to befriend Maha Singh as well. Later in 1785, Maha Singh was facing attacks from Sardar Jai Singh Kanhaiya of the Kanhaiya Misl and called on Bhagwan Singh and Wazir Singh to aid him. After their victory against the Kanhaiyas, Maha Singh began to favor Wazir Singh, which made Bhagwan Singh feel left out. Maha Singh tried to reconcile the differences between Bhagwan Singh and Wazir Singh, but they continued to engage in constant warfare and in 1789 he was killed by Wazir Singh. He wanted to unite the Sikh Misls and consolidate his position as the head of the Sukerchakia Misl, as well as to strengthen the Nakai and Sukerchakia relations. Gyan Singh agreed and the couple were married. In that year Shah Zaman of Kabul invaded Panjab and stayed at Lahore for a period. The Shah's relative, Muzaffar Khan, governor of Multan province, took advantage of Shah's presence in the Panjab and took over Syedwala. Before having his estates seized Kahan Singh was successful in conquering Pakpattan. Ranjit Singh granted Kahan Singh jagir at Baherwal while his brother-in-law, Khazan Singh was granted a jagir at Nankot. The Nakais continued to live in Baharwal and the Nakais remained loyal to Maharaja Ranjit Singh. Ranjit Singh lovingly addressed her as Mai Nakain, she remained his favorite and most respected wife all his life. It was his second marriage, with the first being to Mehtab Kaur of the Kanhaiya Misl. In 1801, Ranjit Singh founded the Sikh Empire and was proclaimed the "Maharaja of Punjab.", after liberating Lahore in 1799. Earlier the same year she gave birth to his first son and heir apparent, Kharak Singh. It was his birth that persuaded his father to proclaim himself the Maharaja. In 1805, she gave birth to another son, Rattan Singh. She was exceptionally intelligent and assisted him in affairs of State, and bore him his elder sons, hence becoming his queen consort. She led the Sikh Khalsa Army during the Battle of Multan (1818).

His grandchildren include: Bibi Ratan Kaur, Bibi Daya Kaur and Sardar Kahan Singh Nakai the children of Sardar Gyan Singh; Panju Singh the only son of Khazan Singh; Maharaja Kharak Singh, Kunwar Rattan Singh, and Kunwar Fateh Singh the sons of Datar Kaur and Maharaja Ranjit Singh.