Phạm Thanh Tâm

Phạm Thanh Tâm (15 May 1932 – 30 May 2019) was a Vietnamese journalist and war artist, who used the pen name Huỳnh Biếc. His career spanned the First Indochina War as a Việt Minh soldier participating in the resistance against French colonialism, as well as the Second Indochina War as a member of the People's Army of Vietnam against South Vietnam and the United States.

Early life Tâm was born in Vĩnh Hảo, Vinh Lại, Vụ Bản district, Nam Định Province – northern Hải Phòng – into a family with a tradition of revolutionary activities. In 1941, his father and mother both joined the Việt Minh resistance against French colonialism.

Education Tâm began his education as a primary school student in Hải Phòng. After evacuating the city in late-1946, he attended a six-month painting training course organized by the Art Division of Military Zone III held at Phù Lưu Chanh communal house, near Đầu market, in Bắc Ninh. His teachers included artists involved in the anti-colonial resistance, including Lương Xuân Nhị, Mai Văn Nam and Bùi Xuân Phái.

Later, in 1963, Tâm enrolled in the Vietnam Fine Arts College. He graduated the Vietnam Fine Arts College in 1967.

In 1950, Tâm joined the Việt Minh as a journalist and war artist. His initial assignment was to the 34th Regiment's Tất Thắng newspaper. He was soon transferred to Artillery Division 351 to work for the division newspaper, Quyết Thắng.

In 1952, along with his division, Tâm was sent to China for artillery training. After returning to Vietnam, he and his division marched from the town of Lào Cai on Vietnam's northern border with China to Điện Biên Phủ, a journey of over 300 kilometres on foot. He arrived on 11 March 1954, two days before the decisive Battle of Điện Biên Phủ, which he participated in as a soldier and documented as an artist and journalist.

Second Indochina War From 1954 to 1963, Tâm worked for three newspapers concurrently: the Military Art Newspaper, the People's Army Newspaper (Quân Đội Nhân Dân) and the Military Image Newspaper (Hình Ảnh Quân Đội). Tâm managed to preserve most of his sketches and paintings by sending them back to Hanoi for safe keeping, using a variety of materials and the occasional use of photographs. He revealed to Sherry Buchanan of The Guardian "At Khe Sanh I did the watercolours right there at the battle. I used a plume rehaussée d'aquarelle [pen with watercolour]. The idea was not to hang around too long in one place. So I would usually add the pen later on. When I traveled around the country and there was no fierce fighting, I had more time to sketch carefully. I traveled with a photographer. That was very useful. If I forgot details, I could look at his pictures and fill in details. I used all kinds of materials: watercolours, pens, pencils – whatever I could find.".

After Reunification In 1978, Tâm was appointed the director of the Military Fine Arts Workshop (later merged into the Military Museum) and staged painting exhibitions, taught art courses and erected statues to commemorate the reunification of Vietnam.

He retired from the army as a Colonel and moved to Ho Chi Minh City with his family in 1989.

Works Art Works Phạm Thanh Tâm, Trang Sử Vàng Điện Biên Phủ (History Of Dien Bien Phu Victory), 2014, Nhà Xuất bản Thời Đại (Thời Đại Publishing House) Phạm Thanh Tâm, Tiến về Sài Gòn (Going to Saigon), Nhà Xuất Bản Trẻ (Young Publishers) Phạm Thanh Tâm, Dung Dăng Dung Dẻ, Nhà Xuất Bản Trẻ (Young Publishers) Phạm Thanh Tâm, Vượt Ngầm (Breaking Down), Nhà Xuất Bản Trẻ (Young Publishers) Phạm Thanh Tâm, Ngày về Sài Gòn (Return to Saigon), Nhà Xuất Bản Văn Hóa-Văn Nghệ (Cultural-Arts Publishing House) Phạm Thanh Tâm, Đường 9, Khe Sanh: Tránh, Ký Họa Kháng Chiến Chống Mỹ (Route 9, Khe Sanh: Avoid, Sketch Anti-American Resistance) 2012, Nhà Xuất Bản Trẻ (Young Publishers) ,

Collections Phạm Thanh Tâm's wartime works are collected by numerous museums in Vietnam, as well as a number of international collections.

British Museum Dogma Collection Ho Chi Minh City Museum of Fine Arts Logistics Museum Military Zone 9 Museum Southeastern Armed Forces Military Zone 7 Museum Vietnam Fine Arts Museum Vietnam Military History Museum War Remnants Museum Witness Collection

Official Roles Founding member of the Vietnam Fine Arts Association, 1957 Founding member of the Vietnam Journalists Association, 1957 Director of the Workshop on Fine Arts of the Armed Forces, 1978-1989 Colonel in the People's Army of Vietnam, 1989 Member of the Ho Chi Minh City Fine Art Association Member of the executive committee of the Vietnamese Plastic Art Association Member of the Vietnam Veterans Association

Awards Third prize at the National Art Exhibition, 1954 First Class Resistance Order Third Class Military Exploit Order