Pakubuwono III

Pakubuwono III (also transliterated Pakubuwana III) (1732–1788) was the second Susuhunan of Surakarta. Also known as Sinuhun Paliyan Negari, He was proclaimed by the Dutch as successor to his father in 1749 in accordance to his father's will, but with the ongoing Mataram's War of Succession, only when the Mataram Sultanate was officially divided through the Treaty of Giyanti into the Surakarta Sunanate and Yogyakarta Sultanate in 1755, was he officially proclaimed as the Susuhanan of Surakarta.

Biography He was the fifth son of Pakubuwana II, born to his queen consort, Kanjeng Ratu Mas, on February 25, 1732, at Kartasura Palace. His parents were first cousins; his mother was the youngest daughter of Pangeran Adipati Purbaya, younger brother of Amangkurat IV. His birthname was Raden Mas Gusti Suryadi, also known as Raden Mas Surat, Uret, and Sembada, later named Raden Mas Gusti Suryakusuma, then Kanjeng Gusti Pangeran Adipati Anom.

Consequently, the Mataram Sultanate was formally divided into two principalities: the Surakarta Sunanate under Pakubuwana III and the Yogyakarta Sultanate under Hamengkubuwana I. Resistance of Pangeran Sambernyawa Following the Treaty of Giyanti, Pangeran Sambernyawa felt betrayed by Mangkubumi and continued his resistance against both Pakubuwana III and Hamengkubuwana I. However, as his forces weakened, he agreed to negotiate with the VOC starting in 1756.

In March 1757, Sambernyawa declared his loyalty to the VOC, Surakarta, and Yogyakarta through the Treaty of Salatiga. He assumed the title of Mangkunegara I and was granted a portion of territory by Pakubuwana III, establishing the autonomous Mangkunegaran Regency (Kadipaten Mangkunagaran).

End of reign The political weaknesses of Pakubuwana III caused tensions to rise across the island of Java. Rebel factions emerged, seeking to exert control over his administration. This volatile atmosphere persisted until his death on September 26, 1788.

Pakubuwana III was succeeded by his son, who reigned as Pakubuwana IV. The successor was regarded as a more capable and assertive ruler, particularly in his political decision-making. Personal life In 1673 AJ, by the time he was a crown prince, his father arranged him to marry Raden Ajeng Wuku, daughter of Adipati Cakraningrat, Regent of Madura. She was his first queen consort, styled as Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Kencana, and her mother was his paternal aunt, Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Madurêtna. He was skilled in music, including being able to play bonang agêng. When there was a bedhaya performance, he often attended to play himself. He was captivated by a dancer, Bok Lara Bêruk or Mas Rara Bêruk, whom he elevated to the new queen consort, also named Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Kencana. The reason was that since her youth, her body was said to appear radiant every Friday and Tuesday Kasih nights, the glow was like a burnished gold (kencana). She was a commoner-born daughter of Kyai Ngabehi Jagaswara, later elevated to Tumenggung Wirareja. Family Queen consort, Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Kencana, maiden name Raden Ajeng Wuku Raden Mas Gusti Suleman Queen consort, Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Kencana, later queen dowager styled as Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Hageng Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Madurêtna Raden Mas Gusti Subadya, titled Kanjeng Gusti Pangeran Adipati Anom, later Pakubuwana IV Raden Ajeng Gusti Supiyah Married Raden Mas Slamet, titled Kanjeng Pangeran Harya Purbanegara, son of Mangkunegara I Raden Mas Gusti Tala, titled Kanjeng Gusti Pangeran Harya Mangkubumi Raden Mas Gusti Sayidi, titled Kanjeng Gusti Pangeran Harya Buminata Raden Ajeng Gusti Salimah, titled Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Timur Concubine, Mas Ajeng Rêtna Asmara or Mas Ajeng Dhurak Bendara Raden Ajeng Botor, titled Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Alit Married Kanjeng Pangeran Harya Prabu Hamijaya, son of Mangkunegara I Concubine, Mas Ayu Rêtna Di Bendara Raden Ajeng Sêntul Married Raden Sumawijaya, elevated to Raden Mas Tumenggung Harya Kusumadiningrat Concubine, Mas Ayu Rêtnasari Bendara Raden Mas Dhubêl, titled Bendara Kanjeng Pangeran Hangabehi Bendara Raden Ajeng Jumilah Married Martapura Married Kyai Kasan Besari Married Kanjeng Pangeran Harya Padmanagara Concubine, Mas Ayu Rêsminingsih Bendara Raden Ajeng Jêmprit Married Raden Sumadiwirya, elevated to Raden Mas Tumenggung Harya Wiryadiningrat, Bupati of Ponorogo Concubine, Mas Ayu Rêtnadiwati Bendara Raden Ajeng Kabibah Married Kanjeng Raden Adipati Jayaningrat Concubine, Mbok Ajeng Wiled Bendara Raden Mas Sukarya, titled Bendara Kanjeng Pangeran Harya Pamot, elevated to Bendara Kanjeng Pangeran Panembahan Jurumartani

Ancestry