Naum Veqilharxhi

Naum Veqilharxhi (born Naum Panajot Bredhi; 1797–1846) was an Albanian lawyer and scholar. In 1844, he published using a unique alphabet for the Albanian language with characters he had created himself, the Vithkuqi script. Veqilharxhi is one of the most prominent figures of the early Albanian National Awakening, and is considered by Albanians as its first ideologue.

Life Early life Naum Veqilharxhi was born on 6 of December 1797 in the village of Vithkuq, near Korçë, southern Albania in an Orthodox Albanian family. His family inherited the name Veqilharxhi ( meaning steward) since his father Panajot Bredhi was a supplier to the court of Ali Pashë Tepelena, the ruler of the Pashalik of Janina. After the destruction of Vithkuq in 1819, he sought a better life in the Danubian Principalities. As a student he took part in the Wallachian uprising of 1821. In Brăila he joined an intellectual organization of Albanians, who considered the development of Albanian language and culture necessary for the Albanian National Awakening. On April 22, 1845 Athanas Paskali, one of the notable people of Korçë, along with others sent him a letter requesting as many more copies as possible. His death is thought to have been from poisoning by orders from the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople. The cause of his death, and the date or place are unknown. It is believed that he died shortly after the summer of 1846, when the last information on him was published by the Wallachian media. In a testament from Brăila, already by 1849 he is mentioned as deceased.

Ideas

Outside of his native land Veqilharxhi in Wallachia was a figure that thrived within the security of the Albanian diaspora where both worlds became linked together, a dynamic that led thereafter to the development of Albanianism by other Albanians. and compared the Albanian nation to a "larva" that may one day become a butterfly. and was a member of the Filiki Eteria. In his later years, he warned that "Greek schools are organized to illuminate Greek youth and not to illuminate the Albanian people", and felt that native language education was necessary to prevent Hellenisation.

Veqilharxhi is considered to be the first written ideologue of Albanian nationalism as well as the first enlightener of the Albanian National Awakening. Attached to his Ëvetar was a primer addressed to Orthodox Albanians, which became the first programme document of the Albanian national movement. His conception of Albania included a harmony between the different faiths practiced by Albanians, with each faith being practiced by Albanians a little bit differently than it would be by non-Albanians, which would evolve into the Albanian national ideal of religious harmony. He also helped Albanian nationalism take its ultimate course of using language, rather than religion as other Balkan nationalisms did, as its primary unifier.

The original alphabet he invented

Letters from the original script of Veqilharxhi (red). The missing gj, rr, xh and zh are marked as X. Veqilharxhi invented an original script for his Albanian primers. The script sometimes considered to be similar to the Armenian alphabet, was most probably developed sometime around 1825. The books by Veqilharxhi were lithographed in Bucharest by George Venrich, as was recently discovered. Though the script was lithographed, in 1847 it was also cut for typographic use in Vienna, by the Austrian philologists and punchcutter Alois Auer. The script by Veqilharxhi, is also known as Vithkuqi script, because of the place of birth of its author. It was briefly used in some parts of Albania, but never managed to become popularised.

This was not the first original script to be developed for the Albanian language. However, according to Robert Elsie it remains the first one to be printed, though only lithographed, as shown above. The typeface of Vithkuqi is the first known original Albanian script to by cut in type. It was briefly used by Carl Faulmann at the end of the 19th century. No instance of its usage by any Albanian author is known to date.