Mushtaq Ali Khan I of Rampur

Nawab Muhammad Mushtaq Ali Khan Bahadur, (1856-25 February 1889) was a Nawab of the princely state of Rampur from 1886 to 1889, succeeding his father Sir Nawab Kalb Ali Khan Bahadur. Owing to continued ill-health, including physical paralysis, he was unable to properly rule and govern the state and so left its affairs in the hand of an administrative council. However, he was successful in continuing the beneficiaries of his predecessors, particularly in the areas of agriculture and irrigation.

After the Irish urologist Peter Freyer treated his bladder stone with the recently-developed method of litholapaxy, the Nawab gave him in gratitude. This "caused trouble with [Freyer's] superiors" that led to him leaving India and returning to England, with the resources to set up in private practice.

He died at the age of 32 in 1889 and was succeeded by his son, Sir Hamid Ali Khan Bahadur.