Moritz Conradi

Maurice Alexander Conradi (Russian: Морис Морисович Конради, Moris Morisovich Konradi; 16 June 1896 − 7 February 1947) On 10 May 1923 Conradi and his companion (Аркадий Павлович Полунин) (Polonnine in French and court transcriptions) entered the restaurant of the Hotel Cécil, shooting the Bolshevik delegation. Vorovsky was killed at the scene, and Ariens and Divilkovsky were wounded but survived. In his statement to police he said, "Among those who played their part in the ruin of Russia, and indirectly of all mankind, there are no innocents." The Swiss Federal Council was "outrage" by the assassination, but decided to treat it as a local crime rather than an international incident. Swiss-Soviet relations had been tense for years; Soviet foreign secretary Georgy Chicherin told the Federal Council that in denying Vorovsky official recognition and protection, they had "heavy and absolutely obvious responsibility" for the murder. The Council responded by demanding reparation for crimes against Swiss citizens living in Russia during the revolution.

The "Conradi Affair" was an international sensation. Soviet and left-wing literature presented the murder as a conspiracy of "fascist White radicals",

The trial of Conradi and Polunin began on 5 November 1923 in the . against Conradi's family and Swiss expats in particular; defense counsel arguments included that Bolsheviks had performed many assassinations and that Conradi was a "liberator of the world's conscience." The verdict was controversial internationally, and Russia in response cut relations and boycotted all Swiss goods. A provisional solution was reached in 1927, but Swiss-Soviet relations were not restored until 1946.

Further life Following the trial, Conradi remained in Lausanne with his wife until May 1925, when they moved to Paris. The couple divorced on 24 September 1929.

Conradi served in the French Foreign Legion and information about his death circulated in newspapers in 1931. However, he returned to his family's home canton of Graubünden, got remarried in 1942 to Regula Wickerlin, and died on 7 February 1947 in Chur. He never had children.

Polunin went to Paris after the trial and died under mysterious circumstances in Dreux on 23 February 1933.

Ariens and Divilkovsky, the survivors of the assassination plot, returned to the Soviet Union and held various positions in the administration. Ariens's final post was as Consul General of the USSR, and he was executed on 11 January 1938 during Great Purge. Divilkovsky studied physics under L. I. Mandelstam and became secretary of the physics group at the Academy of Sciences. He volunteered for service in World War II and was killed in 1942.