Mirza Muhammad al-Astarabadi

Mirza Muhammad al-Akhbari (; born Mirza Muhammad ibn Abd-al-Nabi ibn Abd-al-Sani Nishaburi Khorasani; 1178–1232 AH/1764–1817 AD), was a Shia jurist, muhhadith, and theologian.

Early life Mirza Muhammad al-Akhbari was born in Akbarabad (now Agra, India) in 1178 AH/1764 AD to a family of religious jurists and theologians. His family claimed descent from the Islamic prophet Muhammad through his descendant, the ninth Shiite Imam Muhammad al-Jawad. The family originally lived in Iran, but his father, Abd al-Nabi ibn Abd al-Sani, moved to India before his birth. Al-Akhbari moved to Iraq in 1198 AH/1784 AD following his return from pilgrimage in Mecca. He died on 28 Rabi I 1232 AH/February 15, 1817 after being lynched by a mob in Baghdad, Iraq. Al-Akhbari had three children: Mirza Ahmad, Mirza Ali, and Zaynab.

Descendants His descendants continued the family's scholarly tradition, and among them were many jurists, poets, and linguists, including but not limited to:

Mirza Ibrahim Jamal al-Deen; a Marja' Jawad Jamal al-Deen; a Marja' Inayatollah Jamal al-Deen; a Marja' Ra'uf Jamal al-Deen; a scholar and linguist specializing in the Arabic language Ra'uf's son, Iyad Jamal Al-Din; an Iraqi politician and cleric Mustafa Jamal al-Din; a poet, scholar, and writer

Works Al-Akhbārī authored most of his works in Arabic and some in Persian.

In print A'īne abbāsī dar namāyesh ḥaqshenāsī, also indexed as Amāli Abbāsī. This book is in Farsi and was written by the order of Abbas Mirza to refute the beliefs of Jews, Christians and Magi, and to prove prophethood. al-Burhān fī al-taklīf wa al-bayān, printed in Baghdad, 1923. A polemic work, establishing the Akhbārī school and rejecting the mujtahids. Dawā'ir al-ulūm wa-jadāwil al-ruqūm also known as Tuḥfat al-khāqān. Published in Qom, 1982. In this book, the author has gathered materials from various sciences in circular diagrams and tables, with a list at the beginning of the book. Fatḥ al-bāb ilā al-ḥaqq wa’l-ṣawwāb, published in 1924. Iqāz al-nabīyya, on jurisprudence, published in Egypt, 1937. Maṣādir al-anwār fī al-ijtihād wa al-akhbār, printed in Baghdad, 1923 and in Najaf, 1924.

In manuscript Dhakhīrat al-albāb wa bughyat al-asḥāb, a book in which he presents knowledge in circles and tables, like in his Circles of Sciences. Ḥijr mulqam, on the history of ijtihad and twelve reasons for its rejection. Ḥurmat al-tanbāk wa al-qahwa, a collection of hadiths and narrations that the author cites to prove the unlawfulness of using tobacco and drinking coffee. Tuḥfa amīn or Durr thamin, answering twelve questions raised by Muḥammad Aminkhān Ḥamadānī. Tuḥfa jahānbānī (Persian), in proving the Imamate of Ali and other issues in uṣūl al-dīn. Tuhfa lārīya also known as lārīya and Mukhtaṣar lārīya. Uṣūl dīn wa furū'-i ān, a treatise on the principles of faith.