Madhosh Balhami

Ghulam Mohammad Bhat (born 1966), known by his pen name Madhosh Balhami, is a Kashmiri poet.

Early life Balhami grew up in Srinagar and lives close by in a village named Balhama. His father, an illiterate saffron farmer, died in 1981 when he was in college, and his mother followed him a few years later. As clashes between militants and the Indian government intensified in the 1990s, he would be called to recite elegies for slain militants.

Loss of his poetry On 15 March 2018, his house built by his father in 1967 burned down in a clash between three militants and the government. He said the rest could have easily formed some six volumes. One in five of his poems could be recovered from his friends. He noted that "losing my jannat (paradise), my world which was my poetry and library, has left a huge scar on my psyche." At the site of his burned-down house, he recited:

He has since built a one-storey house with financial help from relatives and neighbors in his village.

Imprisonment He ran for election to the assembly on behalf of the Muslim United Front "to bring about tabdili (change)" in 1987 but lost. His run for election and his elegiac practice began a series of arrests by the Indian government.

In 1991, the day after his elegy at the funeral of Haider Ali, a Hizb-ul-Mimineen militant from Balhami's own village, he was taken by the Indian army to a camp in Khrew. Accused as being a militant sympathizer, the army demanded the location of militants and their weapons. At his refusal to oblige, he was kept in solitary confinement and tortured. He was transferred to Badamibagh cantonment in Srinagar district, a period he calls "the worst time of my life". From there, he was taken to the Joint Interrogation Centre (JIC) in Humhama, Srinagar district. Finally given pen and paper, he started writing and reciting poems to his fellow inmates, most of them captured militants. They had mixed reactions to his work, liking his pro-freedom message but not his questioning of their violent methods. At one point two boys told him he was put on a hit-list for "discouraging our rank-and-file." However, when Balhami sought out two senior Jammu and Kashmir Libration Front members, they reassured him no harm would come to a poet speaking his mind. He resumed his writing and recitation to fellow inmates after that, though he still heard resistance from them about his choice of subjects, such as wanting the return of the Kashmiri Pundits. He spent 11 months in the JIC in Humhama and was allowed to take his writings with him when he was released. Recalling his experience, he says "the sixteen months in jail helped me mature as a poet. I was now critical of everyone including militants. ... I was less emotional as a poet now."

In the middle of 1998, he was arrested again, accused of being part of the militant insurgency, and taken to Cargo in Srinagar. He was beaten at least twice a day for the next 25 days. Then, he was taken to Kathua for nine months and then to Srinagar and Kot Bhalwal in Jammu. After Cargo, he was allowed to write and found an audience for his readings, especially during his imprisonment in Jammu's jails. Balhami spent a total of four years in confinement this time. In this period, he was offered a job as a press secretary by the politician Agha Syed Hasan, who led the party Anjuman-e-Shari Shiyan, part of the Hurriyat Conference. Balhami held this job from April 2001 to March 2018. He was approached to compile a book of his work, but he refused, choosing to wait until "a solution emerges" to the ongoing conflict.