Josefina Aguilar

Margarita Josefina Aguilar Alcántara (February 22, 1945 – February 13, 2026) was a Mexican folk artist from Ocotlán de Morelos, Oaxaca. A member of the Aguilar family, she is best known for her small clay figurines called muñecas (dolls), an artform she learned from her mother. Aguilar uses red clay to create depictions of everyday village activities, religious and folkloric scenes, famous figures, and special Day of the Dead statues. Collectors of her work include Nelson Rockefeller, who discovered her work on a trip to Oaxaca in 1978, Aguilar says each figurine she makes is unique. One of her major collectors quoted her as saying "It's not the eyes. It's the hand and the brain."

Life and career Josefina Aguilar was born in Ocotlán de Morelos, Mexico, on February 22, 1945. She was mentored by her mother Isaura Alcántara Díaz and her grandmother. She began learning her craft from them when she was six years old. Aguilar's mother died in 1968, at the age of 43. Her father died in 1976. In teaching her daughters, Aguilar's mother had hoped to pass on a craft and expertise that would provide for them.

Aguilar died in Oaxaca City on February 13, 2026, at the age of 80.

Process Aguilar's family dig the clay they use from a pit in a field outside of Ocotlán de Morelos. To get the quality clay required they have to dig down 10 or 12 feet. They soak the clay, lay a palm mat over it, and walk on it to press out the bubbles. While sculpting, Aguilar sits on her heels on a flat stone. Finished figures have to dry indoors for a week (direct sunlight would cause them to crack) before the family fires them in a rustic wooden kiln for nine hours. Many figures are lost to breakage. Those that survive the firing process have to cool overnight before they can be painted. The Aguilars sell their artwork on trestle tables set up in the open courtyard of their five-family complex.

Awards In 1977 Aguilar won first prize in the third Gran Premio de Arte Popular (Grand Prize in Folk Art) competition held in Irapuato, Guanajuato, by the Instituto Nacional de Bellas Artes. In 1980 she won second place in the first Concurso Nacional de Objetos Navideños Tradicionales (National Traditional Christmas Objects Contest) held in Mexico City by FONART. In 2004 she won the Galardón Pantaleón Panduro in the Premio Nacional de la Cerámica (National Ceramics Prize) competition held in San Pedro Tlaquepaque, Jalisco.