Jien

was a Japanese poet, historian, and Buddhist monk.

Biography Jien was the son of Fujiwara no Tadamichi, a member of the Fujiwara clan of powerful aristocrats. His brother was the future regent Fujiwara no Kanezane. Jien became a Tendai monk early in his life, entering Shōren-in at age eleven. He first took the Buddhist name Dokaei, and later changed it to Jien.

In 1192, with the recommendation of Minamoto no Yoritomo and Jien's elder brother Fujiwara no Kanezane, at the age of 38, Jien became the Daisōjō (大僧正), leader of the Tendai. However, his position was not stable as shown by the fact that he was appointed as Daisōjō four times back and forth following his brother Kanezane's ups and downs in the political world. This is because as the leader of Tendai, in addition to holding rituals and maintaining Buddhist monasteries, he also served politically as the guardian of Kujō Michiie, the grandson of his brother Kanezane. Jien put hopes on Michiie's son, Kujō Yoritsune, to become the shogun of the Kamakura Shogunate.

Jien eventually began to study and write Japanese history, his purpose being to "enlighten people who find it hard to understand the vicissitudes of life". His masterpiece, completed around 1220, was humbly entitled Gukanshō, which translates as Jottings of a Fool. In it he tried to analyze the facts of Japanese history. The Gukanshō held a mappo and therefore pessimistic view of his age, the Feudal Period, and claimed that it was a period of religious decline and saw the disintegration of civilization. This is the viewpoint generally held today. Jien claimed that changes in the feudal structure were necessary and defended the shōguns claim of power.

Gukanshō When Emperor Go-Toba attempted to overthrow the Shogunate, Jien, fearing that the Kujō family would be affected, began to trace the history of Japan and wrote Gukanshō, a combination of History, Buddhist ideas and legends, to try to dissuade emperor Go-Toba from overthrow the Shogunate. In Gukanshō he also try to associates his grandnewphew Kujō Yoritsune with the bodhisattva and other legends which is able to gain legitimacy for Yoritsune and to reach the position of shogun:"The coming of such a Shogun is the plan of the Great Bodhisattva, a man(Kujō Yoritsune) who can protect the world and defend the sovereign, with both literary and military prowess and dignity. This is a matter of great importance."（かかる将軍のかく出で来る事は大菩薩の御計らひにて、文武兼じて威勢ありて世を守り君を守るべき摂籙の人（=道家と頼経）をまうけて、世の為人の為君の御為に参らせらるるをば、君のえ御心得御座（おは）しまさぬにこそ。これこそ由々しき大事にて侍れ）

Jien writes several times in Gukanshō that he wants "to make Dōri known," which is an important motivation for Jien to write Gukanshō. Dōri(reason) is an early Chinese philosophical idea(道理) that was later absorbed into Buddhism. Generally it means reason, principle or law, or what action one should take to be moral. Jien, on the other hand, historicizes Dōri, arguing that it has been present throughout the development and change of Japanese history.

The flower that would surrender its fragrance

before my brushwood door

Does so regardless.

I, however, sit and stare

How rueful this world.