Gerd Heinrich

Gerd Hermann Heinrich (7 November 1896 in Berlin, Germany – 16 December 1984 in Farmington, USA) was a German entomologist and ornithologist known for his studies of parasitic Hymenoptera of the Ichneumonidae family and for the description of several bird species in Celebes, Dutch East Indies.

Early life and education Heinrich was born on 7 November 1896 in Berlin. He was the son of a physician, Hermann Heinrich. His mother, Margarethe von Tepper-Ferguson, was the heiress of a 1,344 ha farm at Borowke, between Poznań and Gdańsk, Poland. Heinrich grew up at Borowke which, prior to 1918, was in West Prussia. He was educated at home by a tutor until age eight and became fluent in Polish, German and Latin. In 1914, Heinrich graduated primus omnium from the Askanische Gymnasium in Berlin. Heinrich planned a career in medicine, but his interest was in natural history, especially insects. He sought the advice of the curator of entomology at the Museum für Naturkunde and was guided towards study of parasitic wasps of the family Ichneumonidae, a large, diverse, and at that time, taxonomically poorly known group of insects.

The materials collected in his African expeditions were published in Synopsis and Reclassification of the Ichneumoninae of Africa, south of the Sahara through a grant from the National Science Foundation, by Farmington College Press. In preparation for this monograph, Heinrich made a round trip through Europe. He visited all the major European museums to examine their African specimens. In Stockholm, he met the entomologists Erich Kjellander and René Malaise. The new version of Burmesische Ichneumoninae was published in seven parts in Entomologisk Tidskrift. A remaining four parts were subsequently published in the Annales Zoologici by the Polish Academy of Sciences from 1974 to 1980.

In 1977, Heinrich's last major monograph, Ichneumoninae of Florida and neighboring states (1977) was published. It contains descriptions of 50 genera and 135 species, 47 of which were new to science. His last article was published in 1980.

End of life and legacy On December 16, 1984 Heinrich died aged 88. He was survived by his wife, Hildegarde Bury Heinrich of Wilton; son, Bernd Heinrich of the University of Vermont; daughters, Marianne Gerda Sewall of Jefferson and Ursula Wartowski of Chicago, and four grandchildren.

Many species of insects, especially Hymenoptera are named after Heinrich. The Heinrichiellus hildegardae is named for Heinrich's wife, Hildegarde Maria.

Contributions During his career, Heinrich developed a standardized system of taxa description which facilitates taxa identification and comparative analysis. He is the author of 4 major publications on Ichneumonidae, 4 popular travelogues, 93 smaller but significant publications on Ichneumoninae, 3 publications on European mammals, 3 publications on the biology of the birds of Angola, and 2 publications on the systematics of the birds of Angola, coauthored with Sidney Dillon Ripley. Heinrich described 1479 species and subspecies of Ichneumoninae from the Nearctic, Africa, Madagascar, Asia and the Palearctic. Moreover, most of them were described based on his own collections. Therefore, the taxa described by him can be called “discovered” or “new to science”. Heinrich's major publications are: Die Ichneumoninae von Celebes bearbeitet auf grund der ausbeute der Celebes expedition G. Heinrich 1930–1932 (1934, 265 pages, 7 plates of figures), Les Ichneumonides de Madagascar (1938, 1139 pages, 6 plates), Synopsis of Nearctic Ichneumoninae Stenopneusticae with particular reference to the Northeastern Region (Hymenoptera) (1961–1962, 7 volumes, 886 pages, numerous illustrations), Burmesische Ichneumoninae (1965–70, 10 parts, 457 pages), Synopsis and reclassification of the Ichneumoninae of Africa south of the Sahara (1967–68, 5 volumes, 1,258 pages, numerous text figures), Ichneumoninae of Florida and Neighboring States (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, subfamily Ichneumoninae) (1977, 350 pages, 8 color plates and numerous text figures).

Heinrich also wrote travelogues about his expeditions to Celebes (1932), Burma (1940), and Persia (1933).

The Heinrich collections are curated in Warsaw (C. G. H. I), Poland (Instytut Zoologiczny, Polska Akademia Nauk), Munich (C. G. H. II), Germany (Zoologische Staatssammlung München), the collection of H. Townes (Gensville, Florida) and partially (species from Madagascar and some others) in the Museum für Naturkunde, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.

Entomological publications

1920s 1925. Larva Nematus crassus Fall. - Die Larve von Nematus crassus Fall. Ann. Zool. Mus. Polonici, 4:324-325. 1925. Die Larve von Nematus crassus Fall. (Hym. Tenthred.). Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr., 1925:288. 1926. Beitraege zur Kenntnis der Ichneumonidenfauna Polens. Polskiego Pisma Ent., 5:153-166. PDF 1926. Zur Systematik der Ichneumoninae stenopneusticae (Hym.). Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr., 1926:255-259. PDF 1926. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Ichneumonidenfauna der Dobrudscha (Hym.). Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr., 1926: 397-400. PDF 1926. Beitrage zur Ichneumonidenfauna Polens. I. Nachtrag. (Ichneumoninae u. Pimplinae). Polskiego Pisma Ent., 6:249-250. PDF 1926 Ctenamblyteles nom. nov. (Hym. Ichneum.). Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr., 1928: 141. PDF 1928. Zur Systematik der Ichneumonidae. I. Konowia, 7:199-202. PDF 1928. Die Kennzeichen der Ichneumoninen auf ihren arttrennenden Wert. (Hym.). Konowia, 7: 203-213. PDF 1928. Einige seltene, neue oder bisher in beiden Geschlechtern noch nicht bekannte Ichneumoniden (Hym.). Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr., 1928: 86-90. PDF 1929. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Ichneumonidenfauna der Transsylvanischen Alpen und Siebenbiirgens. Polskiego Pisma Ent., 7:174-179 (1928). PDF 1929. Beitrage zur Systematik der Ichneumoninae. Konowia, 8:13-17. PDF 1929. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Insektenfauna Nordpersiens. Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr., 1929:305-326. PDF 1929. Bemerkungen fiber die Ichneumoninae in Brischkes Sammlung zu Danzig. Konowia, 8: 7-8. PDF 1929. Die Wirte einiger Ichneumoniden. Konowia, 8:319-321. PDF 1929. Meniscus Tolli n. sp. Polskiego Pisma Ent., 7:179-80 (1928). PDF 1929. Trematopygus romani n. sp. (Hym. Ichneum.). Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr., 1929:284.

1930s 1930. Einige neue Genera und Species der Subfam. Ichneumoninae Ashm. Mitt Zool. Mus. Berlin, 15: 543-555. PDF 1930. Zur Systematik der Ichneumoninae stenopneusticae II. Konowia, 9:8-12. PDF 1930. Zur Systematik der Ichneumoninae stenopneusticae III. Konowia, 9:90-92. PDF 1930. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Ichneumonidenfauna Jugoslaviens. Konowia, 9: 118-126. PDF 1931. Beitrage zur Systematik der Ichneumoninae stenopneusticae (Hym.) IV. Mitt. Deutsche Ent. Gesell., 2:27-32. PDF 1931. Zur Systematik der Ichneumoninae stenopneusticae IV [actually V]. Konowia, 10: 29-33. http://tereshkin.info/h23.pdf 1931. [R. Mell & Heinrich], Beitrage zur Fauna sinica IX. Zur Biologie und Systematik der sfidchinesischen Ichneumoninae Ashm. (Fam. Ichneumonidae Hym.). Zeitschr. Angew. Ent., 18:371-403. http://tereshkin.info/h24.pdf 1933. Anisobas brombacheri spec. nov. (Hym. Ichneum.). Mitt. Deutsche Ent.Ht, Gesell, 4:54. PDF 1933. Zur Systematik der Ichneumoninae stenopneusticae VI. Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 19:154-165. PDF 1934. Die Ichneumoninae von Celebes bearbeitet auf grand der ausbeute der Celebes expedition G. Heinrich * 1930-1932. Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 20: 1-263. PDF 1935. Zur Systematik der Ichneumoninae stenopneusticae VII. Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr., 1935:191-200. PDF 1936. Ichneumoninae Podola. Polskie Pismo Ent, 13:21-42 (1934). PDF 1936. Die von mir in Bulgarien gesammelten Ichneumoninae und Cryptinae (Insecta, Hymenoptera). Mitt. Königl. Naturwiss. Inst. Sofia, 9: 81-88. PDF 1936. Hymenoptera III. Ichneumonidae: Ichneumoninae. Mission Scientifique de l'Omo. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. Paris, Zoologie, 3 (28): 227-244 (1935). PDF 1937. Ichneumonologische Notizen. Deutsche Wiss. Zeitschr. f. Polen Jub. Deutsch. Naturw. Ver Poznar, 32: 57-59. PDF 1937. Zwei neue Formen des Subgen. Meringopus Forst. und ein neuer Acroricnus (Hym, Ichn. Cryptinae). Mitt. Deutschen Ent. Gesell, 8: 22-24. 1937. A List and Some Notes on the Synonymy of the Types of the Subfamily Ichneumoninae Ashmead (Hymenoptera) in the Collections of the British Museum and the Hope Department of the Oxford University Museum. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., (10) 20: 257-279. PDF 1937. Zur Systematik der Ichneumoninae stenopneusticae VIII (Hym.). Mitt. Deutschen Ent. Gesell, 8: 51-54. PDF 1937. Das Genus Rhynchobanchus Kriechb. und seine europaischen Vertreter. Archiv f. Naturgesch. (N.F.), 6: 663-667. 1937. Ichneumoninae Pokucia. Polskie Pismo Ent, 14-15:122-143 (1935–36). PDF 1937. Gibbonota duplanae gen. et sp. nov. (Pimplinae, Lissonotini). Polskie Pismo Ent, 14-15: 364-365. 1938. Les Ichneumonidae de Madagascar. III. Ichneumonidae, Ichneumoninae. Mem. Acad. Malagache, 25:1-139. PDF

1940s 1944. Ichneumoninae Niederdonaus. Mitt. Deutschen Ent. Gesell, 13:108-113. PDF 1944. Eine neue Ichneumonine aus Deutschland. Mitt. Deutschen Ent. Gesell, 13: 113-115. PDF 1944. Eine seltene Schlupfwespe aus Schwaben. p. 95. 1949. Stenichneumon ceaurei spec. nov. Mitt. Sammelstelle f. Schmarotzer. des V.D.E.V., 24:1. PDF 1949. Ichneumoniden des Berchtesgadener Gebietes (Hym.). Mitt. Munchner Ent.Gesell, 35-39 (1945–49): 1-101. PDF 1949. Neue und interessante Schlupfwespen aus Bayern (Hym.). Mitt. Munchner Ent. Gesell, 35-39 (1945–49): 101-127. PDF 1949. (Hym. Ichneum.) Die Pterocorminae (Ichneumeoninae [sic]) der Hahnheide. Bombus, 59-60: 256-258. PDF

1950s 1950. Eine neue Ichneumonidae aus der Ukraine. Naturwissen. Mus. Stadt. Aschaffenburg, Note no. 28:4-6. 1950. Neue Deutsche Ichneumoniden. Naturwissen. Mus. Stadt Aschaffenburg, Note no. 28:14-23. PDF 1951. Xorides holsaticus spec. nov. Naturwissen. Mus. Stadt. Aschaffenburg, Note no. 30: 47-49. 1951. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Ichneumoninae. Naturwissen. Mus. Stadt Aschaffenburg, Note no. 31:27-32. PDF 1951. Barichneumon tegelensis spec. nov. Entomologische Berichten, no.316: 351. PDF 1951-53. Ichneumoniden der Steiermark (Hym.) [I and II], Bonner Zool. Beitrage, 2 (Heft 3-4): 235-290,1951; 4(Heftl-2): 147-185,1953. PDF 1952. Ichneumonidae from the Allgau, Bavaria. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., (12) 5: 1052-1089. PDF 1953. Deutung einiger Typen Strobls und Arten seiner Sammlung (Hymenopt.). Zeitschr. Wiener Ent. Gesell., 38: 206-211. PDF 1953. Holarctic elements among the Ichneumoninae of Maine. J. Washington Acad. Sci., 43:148-150. PDF 1956. A Report on Some North American Arctic and Subarctic Ichneumoninae. Canad. Ent., 88:447-487. PDF 1956.. Holarctic Elements Among the Ichneumoninae of Canada. Canad. Ent., 88: 647-652. PDF 1956. Ichneumon lariae Curtis A Critical Study on this Arctic Species and its Closely Related Forms. Canad. Ent, 88:686-691. PDF 1957. Einige Ichneumoninae von Afghanistan. Ent. Zeitschr, 67: 20-24. PDF 1957. A New Species of the Tribe Trogini (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Canad. Ent, 89: 334. PDF 1957. [Heinrich & V. K. Gupta]. Entomological Survey of the Himalaya Part 20- On a Collection of Ichneumonidae (Parasitic Hymenoptera) from the North-West Himalaya. Agra Univ. J. Res. (Sci.), 5:367-368 (1956). 1958. A Report on Some North American Arctic and Subarctic Ichneumoninae. First Supplement. Canad. Ent, 90:739-741. PDF 1959. Ichneumon canadensis Cress. Selection of New Lectotype. Ent. News, 60: 204. 1959. Revisional Notes on the Types of Ichneumoninae of Cresson, Cushman, Ashmead and Others. Ent. News, 70: 205-217. PDF 1959. "Trogus" atrocoeruleus Cresson, a Rediscovery and Redescription (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae). Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, 61: 199- 200. 1959. Revisional Notes on the Provancher Types of Ichneumoninae (Hymenoptera). Canad. Ent, 91: 806-807. PDF

1960s 1960. New Oriental Trogini (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Canad. Ent, 92:107-109. http://tereshkin.info/h66.pdf 1961-62. Synopsis of Nearctic Ichneumoninae Stenopneusticae with Particular Reference to the Northeastern Region (Hymenoptera) In 8 parts, 886 pages as under: Part I Introduction, Key to Nearctic Genera of Ichneumoninae Stenopneusticae, and Synopsis of the Protichneumonini North of Mexico. Canad. Ent. Suppl, 15:1-87 (1960). Accompanied Vol. 92. PDF Part II Synopsis of the Ichneumonini: Genera Orgichneumon, Cratichneumon, Homotherus, Aculichneumon, Spilichneumon. Canad. Ent. Suppl, 18: 89-205 (1960). Accompanied Vol. 92. PDF Part III Synopsis of the Ichneumonini: Genera Ichneumon and Thyrateles. Canad. Ent. Suppl, 21:207-368. Accompanied Vol. 93. PDF Part IV Synopsis of the Ichneumonini: Genera Chasmias, Neamblymorpha, Anisopygus, Limerodops, Eupalamus, Tricholabus, Pseudamblyteles, Eutanyacra, Ctenichneumon, Exephanes, Ectopimorpha, Pseudoamblyteles. Canad. Ent. Suppl, 23:369-505. PDF Part V Synons of the Ichneumonini: Genera Protopelmus, Patrocloides, Probolus, Stenichneumon, Aoplus, Limonethe, Hybophorellus, Rubicundiella, Melanichneumon, Stenobarichneumon, Plalylabops, Hoplismenus, Hemihoplis, Trogomorpha. Canad. Ent. Suppl, 26: 507-671. PDF Part VI Synopsis of the Ichneumonini (Genus Plagiotrypes), Acanthojoppini, Listrodromini and Platylabini. Canad. Ent. Suppl, 27: 675-802. PDF Part VII Synopsis of the Trogini, Addenda and Corrigenda. Canad. Ent. Suppl, 29: 803-886. PDF A last part VIII was written by Oswald Peck in 1964. Part VIII Addenda and Corrigenda, Host-Parasite List and Generic Host Indes, Index to Ichneumonid Names. Mem. Ent. Soc. Canada, 35: 887-926. [On page 926 actual dates of publications are mentioned]. PDF 1964. Festsetzung von Lectotypen einiger afrikanischer Species der Subfamilie Ichneumoninae. Ent. Tidskr, 85: 52-53. PDF 1965. Burmesische Ichneumoninae I. Ent. Tidskr, 86:74-130. PDF 1965. Burmesische Ichneumoninae II. Ent. Tidskr, 86:133-177. PDF 1966. Burmesische Ichneumoninae III , Ent. Tidskr, 87: 184-247. PDF 1967. Burmesische Ichneumoninae III , Ent. Tidskr, 88: 1-32. PDF 1967-68. Synopsis and Reclassification of the Ichneumoninae Stenopneusticae of Africa south of the Sahara (Hymenoptera). Monograph, Farmington State College Press, Maine, U.S.A. In 5 volumes with 1258 pages as under: Volume I. Introduction: Key to Tribes and Subtribes of Ichneumoninae Stenopneusticae; Synopsis of the Protichneumonini, Ceratojoppini, Ischnojoppini, Trogini. pp. 1–250, April 3, 1967. PDF Volume II. Synopsis of the Oedicephalini, Listrodromini, Compsophorini, Ctenocalini, Platylabini, Eurylabini, Acanthojoppini. pp. 251–480, June 28, 1967. PDF Volume III. Synopsis of the Ichneumonini: Subtribes Ichneumonina and Amblytelina. pp. 481–692, December 21, 1967. Volume IV. Synopsis of the Ichneumonini: Subtribes Aethioplitina and Cratichneumonina (in part). pp. 693–942, June 20, 1968. Volume V. Synopsis of the Ichneumonini: Subtribe Cratichneumonina, Addenda and Index. pp. 943–1258, November 10, 1968. [On the last page actual dates of publication (in Germany) of various parts are given; actual receipt of the various parts was delayed somewhat in shipment]. 1968. Burmesische Ichneumoninae IV. Ent. Tidskr, 89: 77-106. PDF 1968. Burmesische Ichneumoninae V. Ent. Tidskr, 89: 197-228. PDF 1968. Contributions to the Knowledge of North American Ichneumoninae. Naturaliste Canadien, 95: 703-722. PDF 1969. Synopsis of Nearctic Ichneumoninae Stenopneusticae with Particular Reference to the Northeastern Region (Hymenoptera) - Supplement 1. Naturaliste Canadien, 96: 935-963. PDF 1969. The Charcoal Digger Wasp, Isodontia pelopoeiformis. Florida Ent, 52 (2). 1969. Burmesische Ichneumoninae VI. Ent. Tidskr, 90:100-130. PDF

1970s 1970. Burmesische Ichneumoninae VII. Ent. Tidskr, 91: 68-102. PDF 1971. Synopsis of Nearctic Ichneumoninae Stenopneusticae with Particular Reference to the Northeastern Region (Hymenoptera) Supplement 2. Naturaliste Canadien, 98: 959-1026. PDF 1972. Synopsis of Nearctic Ichneumoninae Stenopneusticae with Particular Reference to the Northeastern Region (Hymenoptera). Supplement 3. Naturaliste Canadien, 99:173-211. PDF 1972. Zur Systematik der Ichneumoninae Stenopneusticae IX. Eine Spatlese (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae). Mitt. Munchner Ent. Gesell, 60: 80- 101. PDF 1973. Bemerkenswerte Ichneumoninae aus dem Gebiet der Sudalpen. Nachricht. Bayer. Ent, 22:49-56. PDF 1973. Synopsis of Nearctic Ichneumoninae Stenopneusticae with Particular Reference to the Northeastern Region (Hymenoptera). Supplement 4. Naturaliste Canadien, 100: 461-465. An erratum published in vol. 100, no. 6, page 541 or 542. PDF 1974. Burmesische Ichneumoninae VIII. Ann. Zool. (Polska Akad. Nauk), 31 (5): 407-457. PDF 1974. Burmesische Ichneumoninae IX. Ann. Zool. (Polska Akad. Nauk), 32 (8): 103-197. PDF 1975. Burmesische Ichneumoninae X. Ann. Zool. (Polska Akad. Nauk), 32 (20): 441-514. PDF 1975. Synopsis of Nearctic Ichneumoninae Stenopneusticae with Particular Reference to the Northeastern Region (Hymenoptera). Supplement 5: Ichneumoninae of the Island of Newfoundland. Naturaliste Canadien, 102: 753-782. PDF 1977. Ichneumoninae of Florida and Neighboring States (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, subfamily Ichneumoninae). Vol. 9 in Arthropods of Florida and Neighboring Land Areas, Florida Dept. of Agriculture & Consumer Services. pp. 1–350. PDF 1978. Synopsis of Nearctic Ichneumoninae Stenopneusticae, with Particular Reference to the Northeastern Region (Hymenoptera). Supplement 6. Naturaliste Canadien, 105:159-168. PDF 1978. Eastern Palearctic Ichneumoninae. A selection of new discoveries and critical taxonomical discussion, with particular reference to the Asiatic fauna of the USSR and the fauna of Turkey. In Russian. 80 pages. Published by the Institute of Zoology, Academy of Sciences, USSR. [http://tereshkin.info/h103a.pdf PDF

1980s 1980. Neue Ichneumoninae Stenopneusticae aus der Palaearktischen Region (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae). Mitt. Munchner Ent. Gesell, 69: 9-27. PDF 1980. Burmesische Ichneumoninae XI. Ann. Zool. (Polska Akad. Nauk), 35 (11): 115-192. PDF 1980. Contribution to the knowledge of the Western Palearctic species of Anisobas Wesmael (Ichneumonidae, Ichneumoninae). Spixiana, 3: 225-238. [May have been published in 1981. PDF