George Lichtheim

George Lichtheim (1912 – 1973), also known by the pseudonym George Arnold, was a German-born intellectual and writer whose works focused on the history and theory of socialism and Marxism.

Early life and education George Lichtheim was born on 6 November 1912 in Berlin to and Irene Lichtheim (née Hafter). Lichtheim's younger sister was Miriam Lichtheim, an American-Israeli Egyptologist, academic, librarian and translator.

From 1913–1917, Lichtheim lived in Constantinople, Ottoman Empire (present-day, Istanbul, Turkey) as his father was a representative for the World Zionist Organization. In 1917, the Lichtheim family returned to Berlin.

In 1946, Lichtheim migrated to the United Kingdom.

His work appeared in the Palestine Post, Commentary, Partisan Review, Dissent, the New Leader, Encounter, the Times Literary Supplement and The New York Review of Books. He also translated Gershom Scholem's Major Trends in Jewish Mysticism.

Personal life On 22 April 1973, Lichtheim died by suicide in London.

Selected works The Pattern of World Conflict (1955) Marxism (1961) Marxism: An Historical and Critical Study (1964) Marxism in Modern France (1966) The Concept of Ideology, And Other Essays (1967) The Origins of Socialism (1969) A Short History of Socialism (1970) Lukács (Fontana Modern Masters, 1970) Imperialism (1971) From Marx to Hegel (1971) Europe in the Twentieth Century (1972) Thoughts Among the Ruins: Collected essays on Europe and beyond (1973)