Frank Kugler

Frank X. Kugler (March 29, 1879 – July 7, 1952) was a German-American wrestler, weightlifter and tug of war competitor who competed at the 1904 Summer Olympics and won medals in all three distinct sports at the same Games.

Biography Franz Kugler was a member of the St. Louis Southwest Turnverein team, having immigrated from Germany to the United States, and was granted U.S. citizenship in 1913. Kugler worked as a brewer in St. Louis. Although born in Germany, he became a US citizen in 1913, and he did not speak English at the time of the 1904 Olympics.

Disputed country attribution

The International Olympic Committee (IOC) listed German-American Franz Kugler as a member of the U.S. delegation until 2022, when it assigned the medals he had won at the 1904 St. Louis Olympics to the United States. Between 2021 and 2024, the IOC briefly adjusted its policy to attribute individual medals according to an athlete's nationality, retroactively assigning Frank Kugler's medals to Germany.

Since 2024, the IOC has considered the national affiliation of the club or team for which an athlete competed to be the decisive factor for the first three Olympic Games (1896, 1900, and 1904) rather than individual nationality, attributing participation and medals accordingly. As a representative of an American club, his participation and all his medals were attributed to the |United States.