Eulalie Papavoine

Eulalie Papavoine (11 November 184624 May 1875) was a Parisian seamstress. She participated in the Paris Commune as an ambulance nurse.

Biography

Paris Commune Eulalie Papavoine was unmarried and lived with Rémy Ernest Balthazar, a journeyman engraver, who was a corporal in the 135th battalion of the National Guard. She had a child with him. During the Paris Commune, she followed him as an ambulance nurse to battles at Neuilly, Issy, Vanves, and Levallois.

Arrest and trial Arrested after Bloody Week, Papavoine was imprisoned at Satory, identified as a probable ringleader alongside Louise Michel and Victorine Gorget, then taken with about forty other women to the Chantiers prison at Versailles. Eventually she was taken to a detention centre with very difficult conditions.

The trial of the "pétroleuses" began on 3 September 1871. Papavoine was accused, alongside Léontine Suétens, of having stolen three handkerchiefs from a house on the Rue de Solférino.

Myth of the revolutionary prostitute For academic Roger Bellet, Flaubert recalls a myth, developed after the French Revolution of 1848, of the iconic prostitute of the great revolutionary days, but diverts it. The living allegory of Liberty is no longer, for Flaubert, innocent: she is the terrifying symbol of the "public woman".

Myth of the pétroleuse Trial of the pétroleuses of Saint-Germain, 1871 engraving – Archives Nationales. Bertall, the caricaturist of the Second Empire, presented her in his series on the women of the Commune as "the anti-woman of the 19th century (neither a good mother nor a good wife), a hysteric who drank and smoked." The trial of Eulalie Papavoine and her co-accused was transcribed into serials in summer and fall of 1871. According to archivist Pierre Casselle, the accounts depicted the accused to elicit repulsion and not pity. Their physical portraits enhanced the moral indignity: "Rétiffe, Marchais, Bocquin, Suétens, Papavoine, are presented [...] with turned-up noses, vicious eyes, weasel-headed, with ribbons and dirty hair, and with faces ravaged by debauchery."

Louise Michel wrote in her Mémoires that an unfortunate homonym with the criminal Louis-Auguste Papavoine was the cause of her arrest: "Eulalie Papavoine was, by the accident of her name, condemned to forced labor; she was not even related to the legendary Papavoine, but they were too happy to make that name ring out."

According to Édith Thomas, "the repression did not only strike the combatants who were captured while bearing arms [...]. It struck at random. Any poor woman was suspect." Jean Jaurès also wrote that no proof could be found to link the accused pétroleuses to the fires.

A street in Savigny-le-Temple bears the name of Eulalie Papavoine.