Ephraim Weston Clark

Ephraim Weston Clark (July 25, 1799 – July 15, 1878) was an American pastor and translator most remembered for his decades of work helping to translate the Bible into the Hawaiian language, and his subsequent work on the 1868 revision of the translation. He was the third Kahu (pastor) of Kawaiahaʻo Church in Honolulu, and served in that position 15 years. His early years as a missionary were spent on the Hawaiian island of Maui; while serving as Kahu of Kawaiahaʻo, he also spent several months with the Hawaiian Missionary Society in Micronesia.

Family background

He was born in Haverhill, New Hampshire, to Edward Clark and Elizabeth Weston, but the family soon relocated to Peacham, Vermont, where he grew up. Decades after his death, The Friend periodical put together his biography based on unpublished writings he had begun during the last year of his life. In his notes, Clark had described his father as a soldier with the Marquis de Lafayette during the Siege of Yorktown, and his mother's father Ephraim Weston as a soldier in the "French War of 1775" (possibly referring to the Siege of Fort St. Jean).

Preparing for the ministry

While a teenager working in Stanstead, Canada, he attended a local Congregational Church and was inspired to train for the ministry. He completed his studies at Peacham Academy in Vermont, and graduated from Dartmouth College in 1824. Clark did post-graduate studies in theology at Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts. He was ordained into the ministry on October 3, 1827, by the Rev. Jonathan Smith Green, with whom he would work throughout much of his life.

The Clarks were initially assigned to Honolulu, ministering to non-Hawaiians, primarily sailors and non-resident visitors to the islands. Clark was sent to assist Lorrin Andrews at Lahainaluna mission station in 1834. According to his biographical notes in The Friend, he took a five-month health sabbatical from his work in 1839. During this period, he recuperated with friends in the missionary fields of China. It was in 1853, during Rev. Clark's tenure that "the First Native Church at Kawaihao in Honolulu" became "Kawaiahaʻo Church". His wife Mary died while he was Kahu of the church.

Queen Victoria had already consented to be the godmother of four-year-old Crown Prince of the Kingdom of Hawaii Albert Kamehameha, in a ceremony conducted by an Episcopalian bishop. Before the bishop could arrive for that to take place, the prince fell ill in August 1862, and his health progressively declined. Even though Clark was a Congregational minister, the child's parents Kamehameha IV and Queen Emma arranged for him to perform the Episcopalian ceremony. The service was held on August 23, with the newly arrived British commissioner William Webb Follett Synge and his wife as stand-ins for Queen Victoria. The young prince died four days later.

Hawaiian language translations

When he resigned as Kahu of Kawaiahaʻo Church in 1868, Clark was president of the committee to revise the Hawaiian language translation of the Bible. His second wife Sarah Helen Richards became his assistant in the revision. He had been involved with the original translation project for decades, and had made trips to the mainland United States in 1856, 1859 and 1864 to meet with printers.

The translation of the Old Testament from the original Hebrew and Aramaic, and the New Testament from ancient Greek, had been an ongoing project begun in 1824 by Hiram Bingham, William Richards, Artemas Bishop, and Asa Thurston. Over the years, the project came to include the Royal Governor of Hawaii Kuakini and Hawaiian scholars Samuel Kamakau, John Papa ʻĪʻī and David Malo. Missionaries Jonathan Smith Green, Lorrin Andrews, Sheldon Dibble and Clark came on board in 1830. According to information provided by him, his second wife was the widow of Rev. Thomas Hall, and was quite accomplished in her own right with a 10-year tenure as Kimball Union Academy principal. In later years, they moved to Chicago to be near their children. Ephraim died July 16, 1878, and Sarah died August 12, 1887.