E. Belle Jackson

Eliza Isabelle Mitchell Jackson (née Eliza Isabelle Mitchell; December 31, 1848 – October 6, 1942) commonly known as E. Belle Jackson, was an American educator, activist, small business owner, and abolitionist from Kentucky. Jackson was one of the founders of the Colored Orphans Industrial Home in Lexington, Kentucky.

Early life and education Eliza Isabelle (Belle) Mitchell was born on December 31, 1848, in Perryville, Kentucky to Monroe and Mary Mitchell. Her parents were former slaves who bought their own freedom before her birth.

Jackson met Rev. John Gregg Fee, an American Missionary Association (AMA) minister and abolitionist, in fall 1865 at her church in Danville. Fee hired Jackson for her first teaching position as the first African American teacher at Camp Nelson.

Educator

Though her employer, the American Missionary Association strongly advocated abolitionism, members’ view toward full equality differed substantially. Rev. Fee was a strong voice for full equality, a view not shared by the other teachers who were white. Thus, her hiring led to controversy.

Camp Nelson was first established in 1863 as a Union depot during the United States Civil War. By mid-1864, the site had become a major United States Colored Troops (USCT) facility, training 10,000 of Kentucky's 23,000 USCT. With the troops came others fleeing slavery, mostly their families, who were referred to as refugees, totaling over 3,000. The emancipation of enslaved males in Kentucky upon enlistment was authorized in June 1864, six months after President Abraham Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation which was limited to the 11 rebellious states in the Confederate States of America. Kentucky was among the four slaveholding Union states.

By December 1864, the military authorized the construction of the Home for Colored Refugees which paved the way for the school, teachers’ quarters, a mess hall, and a dormitory Included were 16 by 16 foot duplex cottages for families, a mess hall, barracks, a school, teachers’ quarters and a dormitory. March 1865, a Congressional Act was passed that freed the wives and children of the U.S. Colored Troops.

When Jackson began teaching at Camp Nelson, enrolled at the school were 600 refugees, women and children who recently had obtained their freedom through the 1865 act. However, Mitchell's time at Camp Nelson was cut short. Military officers and ten of the 12 teachers refused to dine with her in the mess hall. Rev. Fee rejected the teachers’ protest. However, during his brief absence, the camp superintendent forced her to leave.

After leaving Camp Nelson, Jackson was immediately invited to teach at the Missionary Free School of Color. Jackson was an undertaker and livery owner. After her marriage, she owned a millinery shop in Lexington, located at 9 South Mill Street. The couple worked together on political efforts to advance the lives of the African-American community in Kentucky.