Dulduityn Danzanravjaa

Dulduityn Danzanravjaa (1803–1856) was a Mongolian polymath who variously worked as a writer, composer, painter, Buddhist scholar, physician. He was the fifth reincarnation (tulku or ) of Noyon Khutagt, a Nyingma tulku lineage based in the Gobi Desert.

Name Dulduityn Danzanravjaa's name is a Mongolian adaptation of the last part of the Tibetan name Lobsang Tenzin Rabgye, given to Danzanravjaa by the 4th Jebtsundamba Khutuktu after he was recognised as a tulku in 1812. His name is sometimes simply written as "Danzan Ravjaa", with a space.

Danzanravjaa paid special attention to Khamar Monastery which he founded, where in addition to the buildings standard to the Mongolian Buddhist monastery, he organized: a theater called the Moon Cuckoo in 1832 which was called "datsan of describing lives" with a touring troupe. The plays were a combination of songs, dance and story telling in the comedic and melodramatic genres that Danzanravjaa personally staged based on the Mongolian choreography and ceremonies as well as foreign drama elements. a public library and museum in 1840 at so-called the "exhibition temple" . This temple housed about ten thousand items including Buddhist teaching works, theatrical works, his personal art works, tankas as well as gifts from Mongolian and foreign lords and officials and various curious things he collected during his many domestic and foreign trips. In the public library, visitors could regularly listen to specially trained readers reciting books aloud. a general education school for children. His school called the "children's datsan" represented the opportunity for children, boys and girls alike, regardless of their social origin, to master the educational program – Mongolian and Tibetan language and literature, mathematics, natural science, history, music and dance. Graduates of the school received a stamped certificate of education, and often went on to work in the theater company as actors, singers, costumers and decorators as well as teachers at the school.

Death Danzanravjaa died under mysterious circumstances. It is often claimed that he was murdered by poisoning, which is possible since he had many enemies during his lifetime. He was unpopular with the Manchu rulers of the Qing dynasty and the widow of a local ruler. However, there is no definitive evidence that his death was from murder, suicide, or simply illness. The collection remained buried until the present curator, Zundoi Altangerel, unearthed 24 boxes of manuscripts and relics in 1991 and transferred them to a small museum in Sainshand. Another 22 boxes remained buried. In 2009, Altangerel and Austrian archaeologist Michael Eisenriegler unearthed two more crates in an event that was simulcast on the Internet on TV.

In 2005 a digital archive of his original work was created with funding from the British Library's Endangered Archives Programme. It consists of 43,350 TIFF files. The project remains incomplete, however, since a number of the crates have been loaned out and not returned.

In 2025, the name of a newly described fossil mammal genus discovered in the Gobi Desert, Ravjaa, was derived from Danzanravjaa's name.