Doulu Ge

Doulu Ge (; died August 24, 927? ) was an official of China's Former Jin and Later Tang dynasties. He served as a chancellor during the reigns of the Later Tang's first two emperors Li Cunxu (Emperor Zhuangzong) and Li Siyuan (Emperor Mingzong). As a chancellor commissioned by Li Cunxu, he did not fit in with the officials trusted by Li Siyuan, and was eventually exiled and forced to commit suicide.

Background and service under Wang Chuzhi It is not known where or when Doulu Ge was born. His family was from a prominent aristocratic line, but all that was recorded in historical accounts about his immediate ancestors were that both his grandfather Doulu Ji and father Doulu Zan served as prefectural prefects — although the biography of the Tang chancellor Doulu Zhuan indicated that Doulu Zan was a younger brother of Doulu Zhuan's and thus Doulu Ge was a nephew to Doulu Zhuan. In Doulu Ge's youth, due to the late-Tang dynasty disturbances, he took refuge, successively, at Fu Prefecture (鄜州, in modern Yan'an, Shaanxi) and Yan Prefecture (延州, also in modern Yan'an), before ending up in Zhongshan (中山, in modern Baoding, Hebei). Wang Chuzhi, who was then the military governor of Yiwu Circuit (義武, headquartered at Zhongshan), treated him with respect and invited him to serve on staff, and it was said that he was good at writing and bookkeeping. Once, when at Wang's request, Doulu wrote an elegant poem about mulberry trees, and thereafter became more respected and promoted to be an assistant to Wang. However, it was said that he did not have upright behavior; for example, on one occasion, when he requested meeting Wang alone, Wang thought that Doulu had important suggestions to correct his governance, and came out of the mansion to personally welcome Doulu in. Instead, Doulu only had requests for military commissions for people he favored. However, he was still described as assistant to the military governor of Yiwu as of 923, suggesting that he did. That year, Li Cunxu the Prince of Jin, to whom Wang Du was a vassal, was preparing to declare himself emperor of a new Later Tang, and was trying to find officials from Tang aristocratic families that he could make chancellors. He initially wanted to make an assistant to himself, Lu Zhi , chancellor, but Lu declined, recommending Doulu and Lu Cheng instead. Li thus summoned Doulu and Lu Cheng to his provisional imperial government and made them chancellors of the provisional government.

In summer 923, Li formally declared himself emperor of Later Tang at Xingtang (興唐, in modern Handan, Hebei). He gave both Doulu and Lu Cheng designations as Tong Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi , making them chancellors, and Doulu was also given the post of Menxia Shilang (門下侍郎, deputy head of the examination bureau of government (門下省, Menxia Sheng). It was said that both he and Lu Cheng were frivolous and lacked talent to serve as chancellors, but Li commissioned them on account of their aristocratic backgrounds and (in Lu's case) having long served on his staff. (Lu was removed later that year, leaving Doulu as the sole chancellor at that time.)

Meanwhile, both Doulu and Wei developed poor reputations as chancellors, as Wei was said to be frivolous, and the people blamed Doulu for recommending him. Further, both Doulu and Wei commissioned their sons Doulu Sheng and Wei Tao respectively, as governmental advisors serving below them, which was considered improper — and after this was exposed, they removed their sons from those posts but each other's sons to serve as imperial scholars in the imperial institutes that they oversaw — Doulu Ge was overseeing Hongwen Pavilion and Wei was overseeing Jianxian Institute , respectively, further hurting their reputation, as this was considered an improper exchange of favors. Further, Doulu was said to be not interested in finding talented people to serve in the imperial administration, but spending his time on alchemy, seeking to extend his life. On one occasion, after he took some allegedly life-extending medications, he vomited blood for several days and nearly died before recovering. Doulu was subsequently put in charge of the building of Li Cunxu's imperial tomb.

Doulu's and Wei's downfall, however, would come shortly after that. Doulu, after completing Li Cunxu's tomb, returned to his mansion and waited for the next assignment, as was traditional at the time for a director of an imperial tomb, and he expected to be removed from his chancellor position but made a circuit military governor. After several days, however, the next imperial commission did not come, and at the urging of his family members and friends, he went to the imperial court, implicitly pressing the issue. This offended An, who publicly humiliated Doulu by stating, "Your title of director of the imperial tomb is still present, but you do not wait for the new assignment before coming to the imperial court. Is it that you believe that we, as people from a border region, can easily be deceived?" (Both Li Siyuan and An were non-Han Chinese.) Doulu and Wei were also being perceived poorly publicly for several different reasons — they were considered to be disrespectful to the emperor while reporting to him; while other imperial officials at that time were taking a reduced amount of their salaries, Doulu and his sons were receiving full pay; and while the other imperial officials backpay were being calculated from the day of Li Siyuan's ascension, Doulu and Wei were still calculating their own from during the time of Li Cunxu's reign. Meanwhile, Xiao Xifu had long resented Doulu and Wei for having rejected his earlier proposed promotion to Jianyi Daifu , and therefore decided to take vengeance. He submitted a petition in which he not only accused Doulu and Wei of flattery and faithlessness to Li Cunxu, but further falsely accused Doulu of seizing people's farms and allowing his farmer tenants to kill others, and Wei of seizing a neighbor's well in order to steal the treasures that the neighbor's ancestors had hidden in the well. Upon receiving Xiao's petition, Li Siyuan exiled Doulu and Wei — in Doulu's case, to be the prefect of Chen Prefecture (辰州, in modern Huaihua, Hunan), then as census officer of Fei Prefecture (費州, in modern Tongren, Guizhou), and then completely stripped of official positions and exiled to Ling Prefecture (陵州, in modern Meishan, Sichuan).

In 927, during the Later Tang imperial government's campaign against the rebel warlord Gao Jixing (whose domain would become the de facto independent state of Jingnan), Li Siyuan issued an edict blaming Wei (who was friendly with Gao) and Doulu of, at the time that Li Cunxu conquered Former Shu in 925, allowing Gao to absorb three prefectures previously belonging to Former Shu into his territory, and he ordered them to commit suicide. Their family members were exiled.