Cai Xia

Cai Xia (, born October 1952) is a Chinese dissident and scholar of political theory. She has taught high-ranking members and officials of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), including leading provincial and municipal administrators and cabinet-level ministers, and is a retired professor of the CCP Central Party School. She is an advocate for political liberalisation in China and has been critical of CCP General Secretary Xi Jinping. She was expelled from the CCP in August 2020 for criticising the CCP under Xi's rule. Since 2019, she has resided in the United States in exile.

Career Cai Xia was born in October 1952 in Changzhou, Jiangsu province and was raised in a family with close ties to the military, in which she served from 1969 to 1978 before joining the CCP in 1982. In 1984 she participated in a two-year program in Marxist theory and CCP history at the Suzhou Municipal Party School. As of 2012, she was a professor at the Party-Building Center of the Central Party School, retiring the same year after 15 years of service.

According to an August 2020 article in The Guardian, Cai began doubting the party orthodoxy in the early 2000s, when she assisted then-CCP general secretary Jiang Zemin with the drafting of his Three Represents theory. In the piece, which widely circulated on the microblogging site Weibo, Cai opined that the offence was a private matter of no consequence to the public, and called for a discussion of the protection of individual rights. In 2016, she wrote an article in defence of Ren Zhiqiang, who was put on probation after the latter's heavy criticism of the statements by CCP leader Xi Jinping about the role of Chinese media. These and other essays were later removed by internet censors. Cai, who was residing in the United States at the time of the expulsion, told The New York Times that she had contemplated resigning from the CCP since much earlier, and welcomed no longer being a party member, saying that it had allowed her to regain freedom.

Views On 23 August 2020, in an interview with CNN, Cai Xia expressed support for the U.S. government's ban on Huawei and proposed that the U.S. government impose sanctions on CCP officials, while also asking the international community to prevent the CCP from infiltrating international organizations.

Cai Xia has urged the U.S. to abandon its "naive" hopes of engagement with Beijing, while also warning that China's leadership is more fragile than it has appeared. In June 2021, the Hoover Institution published a long paper by Cai where she expounded on those views. Hoover senior fellow Larry Diamond commented that Cai's paper was "of great historical and policy significance", adding, "For the first time, we have an important figure from within the Chinese Communist Party system courageously confirming what many US scholars of China have recently been arguing: CCP leaders have never viewed cooperative engagement with the US as anything more than a temporary tactic to enable them to accumulate the strength to pursue regional and global dominance."

In September 2022, in an article published in Foreign Affairs, Cai said, "Outsiders may find it helpful to think of the CCP as more of a mafia organization than a political party."