Arnold Lequis

Arnold Lequis (February 2, 1861 – February 16, 1949) was a German General of the Infantry who commanded the 12th Division during World War I as well as a commander of the Reichswehr during the German Revolution of 1918–19 against the Communists.

Early military career Lequis attended high school in Osnabrück and Cologne and the Polytechnische Hochschule in Aachen. In 1880, he joined the 8th Pioneer Battalion of the Prussian Army as a fahnenjunker and was promoted to second lieutenant in 1881. By 1896 he was promoted to captain on the general staff. In 1898 he was commanded to the German General Staff and in 1902 worked as a military instructor at the Prussian Staff College. After a temporary position in the general staff of the governorate of Metz, he retired from the Imperial German Army and was employed on January 11, 1908, in the command of the Schutztruppe in the Imperial Colonial Office. In 1909 he was put in charge of deputizing for the commander of the Kaiserliche Schutztruppe for Kamerun under Major Harry Puder. In 1917 he was awarded the Pour le Mérite and, after successfully participating in the Battle of Caporetto, was awarded the Pour le Mérite with Oak Leaves. In March 1918 he took part in the German spring offensive with his division and was promoted to lieutenant general in July. He was then made governor of Metz before returning to Berlin after the Armistice of 11 November 1918 was signed.

German Revolution During the November Revolution, Lequis received the command of a general command named after him, with which he was supposed to restore order in Berlin within the OHL before the start of the Reich Congress of Workers' and Soldiers' Councils. However, the plans drawn up by Lequis and his chief of staff, Major Bodo von Harbou, for the front-line troops, including many Guards regiments, to enter Berlin were not carried out as planned or failed because most of the soldiers were striving to go home. During the invasion of Steglitz, Lequis was sworn into the Weimar Republic by the government of Friedrich Ebert on behalf of his officers and men and temporarily acted as a military governance from Berlin.

Lequis gained importance during the 1918 Christmas crisis where troops of the Volksmarinedivision billeted in the Berlin Palace and in the Marstall in Berlin at Christmas 1918. Lequis was entrusted with the Guards Cavalry Rifle Division to secure the government district. The sailors of the Volksmarinedivision intended to make the agreed handover of the castle to the government dependent on the payment of their wages, which were currently refused. On the morning of December 24, 1918, the castle and stables were opened fire upon by the troops of Lequis with military equipment. However, due to the support of the civilian population that had flocked to the area, the troops had to withdraw again. After Lequis gave a thoughtless newspaper interview after the crisis was settled, he was replaced by General Freiherr von Lüttwitz and promoted to an officer. On June 23, 1919, he was taken over by the Provisional Reichswehr as leader of Reichswehr Brigade 8 in Upper Silesia and put in charge of border protection. After the Kapp Putsch, Lequis retired from military service on September 18, 1920. Three months later he was given the rank of General of the Infantry.