Alejo Calatayud

Alejo Calatayud (c. 1705 – January 31, 1731) was a Mestizo silversmith from Oropesa, Cochabamba province in present-day Bolivia. In 1730 Calatayud led a violent rebellion, and became a local hero amongst the plebeian masses of the province.

Calatayud belonged to the sector of educated Mestizos, and was a member of the silversmiths' guild. The rebellion united the Mestizos and the indigenous people and spread to the entire Cochabamba province.

The 1730 rebellion was characterized by an intersection of ethnic and class conflicts. Because the insurgency was badly organized it could not withstand the counter-attack organized by the creole elite (actioned by the magistrates of Cochabamba). A force led by Rodrígez Carrasco captured and decapitated Calatayud, sending his head to the Royal Audience of Charcas. Rodrígez Carrasco also issued death warrants against twenty-two of Calatayud's followers.

The revolt led by Calatayud was important for the political development in the area, as it marked the start of a series of revolts that lasted for half a century.