Ahmad al-Buni

Sharaf al-Din, Shihab al-Din, or Muḥyi al-Din Ahmad ibn Ali ibn Yusuf al-Buni al-Maliki al-ifriqi, better known as Aḥmad al-Būnī al-Malki (, ), was a medieval mathematician and Islamic philosopher and a well-known Sufi. Very little is known about him. His writings deal with 'Ilm al-huruf (, the esoteric value of letters) and topics relating to mathematics, siḥr "sorcery", and spirituality. Born in Buna in the Almohad Caliphate (now Annaba, Algeria), al-Buni lived in Ayyubid Egypt and learned from many eminent Sufi masters of his time. A contemporary of ibn Arabi, he is best known for reputedly writing one of the most important books of his era; the Shams al-Ma'arif, a book that is still regarded as the foremost occult text on talismans and divination, though his authorship of the text has been questioned.

Contributions Theurgy Instead occult (sorcery), this kind of magic was called Ilm al-Hikmah (Knowledge of the Wisdom), Ilm al-simiyah (Study of the Divine Names) and Ruhaniyat (Spirituality). Most of the so-called mujarrabât ("time-tested methods") books on sorcery in the Muslim world are simplified excerpts from the Shams al-Ma'arif. The book remains the seminal work on Theurgy and esoteric arts to this day.

Mathematics and science In c. 1200, Ahmad al-Buni showed how to construct magic squares using a simple bordering technique, but he may not have discovered the method himself. Al-Buni wrote about Latin squares and constructed, for example, 4 x 4 Latin squares using letters from one of the 99 names of God. His works on traditional healing remain a point of reference among Yoruba Muslim healers in Nigeria and other areas of the Muslim world.

Influence

His work is said to have influenced the Hurufis and the New Lettrist International. Denis MacEoin, in a 1985 article in Studia Iranica, said that al-Buni may also have indirectly influenced the Twelver Shi'i radical movement known as Bábism. MacEoin said that Bābis made widespread use of talismans and magical letters.

Writings

Shams al-Maʿārif al-Kubrā (The Great Sun of Gnosis), Cairo, 1928. Sharḥ Ism Allāh al-aʿẓam fī al-rūḥānī, printed in 1357 AH or in Egypt al-Maṭbaʿa al-Maḥmudiyya al-Tujjariyya bi'l-Azhar. Kabs al-iktidā, Oriental Manuscripts in Durham University Library. Berhatiah, Ancient Magick Conjuration Of Power. Treatise on the Magical Uses of the Ninety-nine Names of God in the Khalili Collection of Islamic Art