William L. Breckinridge

A lithograph of Breckinridge published in 1884, about eight years after his death. William Lewis Breckinridge (July 22, 1803 – December 26, 1876) was an American pastor and educator. The son of Senator John Breckinridge, he was born near Lexington, Kentucky, and attended college at Transylvania University. Early in his career, he became an emancipationist, and he entered academia in 1831 when he began teaching ancient languages at Centre College in Danville, Kentucky. He was pastor of the First Presbyterian Church in Louisville, Kentucky, from 1836 to 1858, and was moderator of the 1859 Presbyterian Church (Old School) General Assembly. He was president of Oakland College near Rodney, Mississippi, for one year prior to the outbreak of the Civil War, and afterwards he spent five years as president of Centre College.

Early life and education William Lewis Breckinridge, a member of the "prominent" Breckinridge family, was born on July 22, 1803, near Lexington, Kentucky. He was the eighth child of John Breckinridge and Mary Hopkins Cabell; John was a sitting U.S. senator at the time of William's birth and later became U.S. attorney general. William joined his family's church at the age of 15 and he attended Transylvania University in Lexington.

Career Pastor, emancipationist, and teacher In the early to mid-1820s, Breckinridge and several of his brothers became vocal proponents of antislavery, aligning themselves in the minority; the abolitionist James G. Birney wrote that the men "had disqualified themselves from political usefulness" as a result. Breckinridge was among the organizers of the Kentucky Colonization Society, whose goal was to emancipate slaves and then provide transport for them back to Africa. In 1849, he attended the Friends of Emancipation state convention, held in Frankfort, along with his brother Robert, Cassius Marcellus Clay, John C. Young, and Walter Newman Haldeman. There, he proposed an amendment to the state constitution which would abolish slavery using gradual emancipation and colonization which was unsuccessful as it was seen by many as too radical; the proposal that ultimately passed was similar in message but specified that there would be a delay before any plans which would bring about emancipation went into effect. He attended a meeting of the American Colonization Society in Louisville the same year, where he gave an address and was a part of a committee which advocated revision of the meeting's resolutions because they did not specifically include provisions for colonization. After the revised resolution passed, he spoke for an hour in favor of the cause of emancipation. Additionally, he was successful in convincing The Louisville Democrat to publish opinions in support of abolitionism; this was the first time the newspaper had done so. He was active in his advocacy against slavery as well and spoke in Shelbyville, Lexington, Brunerstown, Jeffersontown, and Louisville throughout 1849, the last of which was a debate against the lawyer William Christian Bullitt. In their efforts, William and Robert developed a rivalry of sorts with Stuart Robinson, a staunch supporter of slavery.

Breckinridge was appointed to teach ancient languages at Centre College in Danville, Kentucky, in 1831. There, he oversaw the selection of a new site for what would become the Presbyterian Theological Seminary of the Northwest, at the time located in New Albany, Indiana; Indianapolis and Chicago were the candidate cities and the latter was ultimately selected due in part to a $100,000 (equivalent to $ million in ) donation from Cyrus McCormick and allowance for the use of 45 acres of land from a separate group. Inheriting the presidency during the Civil War and with family members on either side of the conflict, he aligned himself with centrist views and attempted to welcome students from both sides to the school. The war had noticeable effects on the college and its enrollment: 92 students attended Centre during the academic year following the war's conclusion and that number had dropped to 43 students some two years later. The graduating classes while he was in office ranged from seven to thirteen students. Additionally, the cost of tuition increased for the first time since 1830 when it was changed from $33 to $50 per year. Centre remained open throughout the duration of the war but suffered nonetheless, as did the town; Confederate guerilla outlaws William Quantrill and Frank James led a stint of violence in Danville in January 1865 that included the destruction of the city bookstore and telegraph office, as well as the robbery of numerous citizens at gunpoint.

Breckinridge resigned as president of Centre College on October 16, 1868. After she died, he remarried to Sarah Ann Garnett, a widow, in 1873. He had twelve children, eight of whom survived to adulthood. He died in Cass County, Missouri, on December 26, 1876.

Publications The titles of several publications have been abridged for practical purposes.

Speeches

Sermons