Vitit Muntarbhorn

Vitit Muntarbhorn (born 1952) (, ) is an international human rights expert and professor of law at Chulalongkorn University in Bangkok, Thailand.

He has been involved in various UN activities and has served as an expert or consultant with the OHCHR, UNHCR, UNDP, FAO, UNICEF, UNESCO, the WHO and the United Nations University. In 2004, he was awarded the UNESCO Prize for Human Rights Education. He was involved in the elaboration of the Yogyakarta Principles on LGBT rights.

In 2018, he was recipient of the Bonham Centre Award from the Mark S. Bonham Centre for Sexual Diversity Studies. He also was appointed an Honorary Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire.

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North Korea Muntarbhorn was nominated to the position of United Nations Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights in Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) from 2004 until 2010.

Ivory Coast In 2011, Muntarbhorn was the Chair of the International Commission of Inquiry on the Ivory Coast, which also included Reine Alapini-Gansou and Suliman Ali Baldo.

Syria From 2012 until 2016 Muntarbhorn was one of the Commissioners of the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic. The Commission produced various reports investigating war crimes and crimes against humanity. In 2016, Muntarbhorn stepped down when the UNHRC designated him the first UN Independent Expert on violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity.

Independent Expert on sexual orientation and gender identity In his first report Muntarbhorn identified six key underpinnings for the mandate of the Independent Expert: (A/HRC/35/36)

the decriminalization of consensual same-sex relations and of gender identity and expression; effective anti-discrimination measures the legal recognition of gender identity destigmatization linked with depathologization sociocultural inclusion; and education with empathy.

His second report (A/72/172), addressed the first two issues. Muntarbhorn resigned on 31 October 2017 for private reasons. His successor, Victor Madrigal-Borloz, covered the remaining topics in his 2018 and 2019 reports. In an August 2022 Vitit has sumitted a report to the United Nations Human Rights Council (A/HRC/51/66). The report acknowledged Cambodia's high voter turnout in the June 2022 on commune elections, but warned that democratic pluralism had severely regressed into a ruling-party monopoly following the 2017 judicial dissolution of the main opposition Cambodia National Rescue Party (CNRP). Highlighting a shrinking civic space, he also detailed key human rights concerns, including draconian emergency and online surveillance laws, ongoing mass trials of opposition members, arbitrary detentions of journalists and activists, prison overcrowding, microfinance-driven land loss, and human trafficking linked to online scam operations. To guide national reform, Vitit formulated 20 actionable benchmarks urging the Cambodian government to release political detainees, restore opposition political rights, guarantee judicial independence, safeguard natural resources and vulnerable groups, and establish an independent national human rights institution.