Teruhiko Kobayashi

Teruhiko Kobayashi (小林 照彦, Kobayashi Teruhiko, 17 November 1920 – 4 June 1957) was a Japanese fighter pilot during World War II and a flying ace of the Imperial Japanese Army Air Force. He began his flying career as a bomber pilot, but then rose to fame when he became the leader of the 244th Sentai, making him the youngest sentai leader in the IJAAF when he took command in November 1944. He was described as an excellent and charismatic leader by his men and under his command the 244th would become the most famous and successful aerial defense unit in Japan. While leading this unit he achieved five kills (three Boeing B-29 Superfortresses and two F6F "Hellcats") in the aerial defense of the Japanese Home Islands. He would survive the war and in 1954 join the newly created Japan Air Self-Defense Force (JASDF).

Early life Teruhiko Kobayashi was born on 17 November 1920, in Tokyo Prefecture and would receive his education at Kokushikan Junior High School. He would end up later attending the Imperial Japanese Army Academy in the late 1930s graduating in 1940 in the 53rd class of the academy. Upon graduation he was appointed as a second lieutenant in the artillery, he would later switch this to become a light bomber pilot and began his flight training to become a bomber pilot. After completing flight training he was assigned to the 45th Sentai.

World War II

Kobayashi in flight gear, behind him is his Kawasaki Ki-100 Otsu, May 1945. As a bomber pilot, Kobayashi would participate in one of the first actions in the war at the Battle of Hong Kong in December 1941. During this battle as part of the 45th Sentai, he would pilot an obsolete Kawasaki Ki-32 "Mary" light bomber attacking British military installations and ships.

On December 3rd 1944, Kobayashi shot down his first B-29, and in a single pass the 244th claimed 6 of these bombers -on that same sortie- through ramming attacks with all pilots surviving their attacks.

Kobayashi would once again damage another B-29 on April 12th 1945, but was wounded in the leg as a result of the attack forcing him to parachute once again. In May 1945 he began flying the new Kawasaki Ki-100 (Type 5 Army Fighter) which had a more reliable engine compared to the Hien and better performance as well as armament. In that same month his unit would receive a letter of commendation from the Army High Command and his actions would be recognized when he was awarded the Second-class Bukōshō medal as well as a promotion to major. The 244th claimed that they had destroyed 10 Hellcats from VF-31 when in reality both sides lost 2 planes each. While the newspapers celebrated the unit's actions, the court martial was set to go on for the young commander, which carried a very serious penalty. However, when news of Kobayashi's actions reached the Emperor, and words of Imperial approval for Kobayashi's actions were spoken, the court martial was dropped.

Post-war years and death Major Kobayashi survived the war and would go working in the civilian sector for some nine years until joining the recently created Japan Air Self-Defense Force in 1954. He entered the Japan Air Self-Defense Force executive school and went on to become a fighter pilot again. After working at Matsushima and Tsuiki bases, he studied abroad in the United States for about half a year from November 1955, and received training on the operation of F-86 fighters. On 4 June 1957 Kobayashi was flying a T-33 Shooting Star on a training sortie from Hamamatsu when a technical problem occurred just shortly after takeoff. Kobayashi ordered his co-pilot to eject then tried to take control of the aircraft and attempted to land it away from any populated areas, but the jet crashed shortly after and he did not survive the crash.