Tempest Anderson

Tempest Anderson (7 December 1846 – 26 August 1913) was an ophthalmic surgeon at York County Hospital in the United Kingdom, and an expert amateur photographer and volcanologist. He was a member of the Royal Society Commission which was appointed to investigate the aftermath of the eruptions of La Soufrière volcano, St Vincent and Mont Pelée, Martinique, West Indies which both erupted in May 1902. Some of his photographs of these eruptions were subsequently published in his book, Volcanic Studies in Many Lands.

Early life and education He was born in York, was schooled at St Peter's School, York, and studied medicine at the University of London. His father was William Charles Anderson, surgeon and Sheriff of York. His sister Constance married Percy Sladen, and his brother was Yarborough Anderson, a barrister. In 1904 Anderson received an honorary degree of DSc from the University of Leeds for his work on volcanoes.

Anderson lived at the family home of 17 Stonegate in the centre of York, and at 23 Stonegate, which is now the home to the York Medical Society. He built a pair of houses on the road now known as Moorgate, on land purchased from the Holgate Garden Society. In 1911 Anderson was made one of the vice-presidents of the Old Peterite Club at St Peter's School, York.

Death and legacy He was one of the five original Trustees of the Percy Sladen Memorial Trust. He was President of the Yorkshire Philosophical Society, and in 1912 he presented the society with a 300-seat lecture theatre (the Tempest Anderson Hall) attached to the Yorkshire Museum in York Museum Gardens. This was one of the world's first concrete buildings. He died on board ship on the Red Sea while returning from visiting the volcanoes of Indonesia and the Philippines. He was buried in Suez, Egypt. After his death, the houses he had built were left to his cousin, Colonel Fearnley Anderson.. He also bequeathed a substantial sum to the Yorkshire Museum. He held Telephone Number "1" in the first York Telephone Directory in 1891, published by the "National Telephone Company".

Expeditions + The expeditions of Tempest Anderson Year Destinations Publications Example photograph 1883 Eifel area of Germany

1885 Southern France (Auvergne, Ardèche, Cantal

Italy (Naples, Vesuvius, Etna, Vulcano)

1889 Italy (Sicily, Vulcano, Stromboli), The Alps, Western Norway

1890 Iceland

1891 Canary Islands and Madeira

1893 Iceland

1894 Southern France

1895 French Alps

1896 Swiss and French Alps

1898 Swiss and French Alps, Italy (Naples, Vesuvius)

1899 Swiss Alps

1900 Western U.S.A, Eastern U.S.A

1901 Southern France, the Alps

1902 West Indies (Barbados, St Vincent, Martinique, Dominica), Southern France

1903 Egypt (?)

1904 Egypt (?), Italy (Vesuvius, Vulcano, Stromboli)

1905 Southern Africa (with the British Association)

1906 Italy (Vesuvius)

1906-1907 West Indies and Central America (Mexico, Guatemala, St Vincent, Martinique, Jamaica and Barbados)

1909 Pacific and Western North America (Samoa, Hawaii, New Zealand, Canadian Rockies, Winnipeg)

1910 Italy (?)

1911 Southern France

1913 Indonesia (Java, Krakatoa), The Philippines (died on the return voyage at Suez)

Mexico, Guatemala and the West Indies Tempest Anderson spent nine months in Mexico, Guatemala and the West Indies in 1906/1907. He travelled to Mexico to attend the 10th Congres Geologique International before sailing by mail steamer to Guatemala to study the effects of the 1902 earthquake. During the trip he observed and photographed Cerro Quemado, Santa Maria, and Atitlan. During this trip he collected first hand accounts of the 1902 eruption of the Santa Maria and the immediate aftermath. Captain Saunders of the Pacific Mail Steamer S.S. Newport observed the eruption cloud which rose to a great height. The Captain measured it using a sextant and recorded it as reaching 17 to 18 miles. The sounds accompanying the eruption were loud and were heard even louder at more distant places than close to the mountain. The eruption was heard as far away as Guatemala City, the noises so strong, they were assumed to come from neighbouring volcanoes.

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