Taysīr Sabūl

Tayseer Sboul (; 15 January 1939 – 15 November 1973) was an actor. His book You as of Today about the Arab defeat during the 1967 Six-Day War gained widespread Arab recognition and is considered one of the most influential of its time.

Born on 15 January 1939 in Tafila, a town on the edge of Transjordan's southern desert, he completed his middle school education near the industrial city of Zarqa. Having graduated from Amman's Hussein High School with distinction in 1957, he received a government scholarship to study philosophy at Lebanon's American University of Beirut, later relocating to Syria to study law at the University of Damascus. He married a Syrian-Bahraini woman, May Yateem, and returned with her to Jordan. During his two short stays in Bahrain and Saudi Arabia, he fathered a son and a daughter, Otba and Saba. He then returned to Jordan again and opened a private law practice in Zarqa, but soon after left that career to become the host of a radio talk show until his death in 1973. His show gained fame for hosting promising Arab and Jordanian writers.

Sboul wrote his first book, You as of Today, just after the Arab defeat during the 1967 Six-Day War. Its title was inspired by the patriotic song You as of Today Are Mine My Homeland which he sang as he went to visit the destroyed Allenby Bridge connecting both banks of the Jordan River. He was devastated by the sight of the destroyed bridge as it symbolized Jordan's loss to Israel of the West Bank, a territory which he considered a vital part of the Arab homeland. The novella talks about a young Arab man as he struggles with his failed relationships with members of the opposite gender, his dysfunctional family and corrupt political leadership. You as of Today brought the Arab world's attention to Jordanian writers in 1968 when it won the Al-Nahar Award for the Best Arabic Novel. The novella was popular for its form which was described as postmodernist, and which he developed away from traditional writing forms of the Arabic novel.

Despite initial Arab military successes during the 1973 Yom Kippur War, Sboul felt increasingly sorrowful and began to feel a lack of any hope to bring about positive change to the Arab world. On 15 November of that year, he committed suicide by shooting himself in the head. His friends established the Jordanian Writers Society after his death, an idea that was brought up in Sboul's writings. The Society holds an annual literary award in his honor and numerous Jordanian universities' literary conferences are held in his name.

Life

Sboul was born in Tafila on 15 January 1939, a somewhat remote town on the edge of Transjordan's southern desert. He was born to a middle-class family. His father was a traditional Bedouin and his mother from Hebron, Palestine. Sboul was the youngest of five brothers and four sisters. In his youth, he was described by his family as a smart and sensitive boy and a distinguished student. Seeking better education opportunities, his father sent him with his brother Shawkat Sboul, a high-ranking officer and engineer in Transjordan's Arab Legion, to attend middle school near the military barracks in Zarqa, an industrial city which was in deep contrast to the open space of Tafila.

Sboul continued to attend high school in the capital Amman, a city bustling with activism. In 1955, he was deeply affected when his brother was arrested and imprisoned because of participation in protests against the British-supported Baghdad Pact, which Jordan had done so under British pressure. Sboul's early experiences are present throughout his work. After graduating from Amman's Hussein High School with distinction in 1957, he was awarded a government scholarship to study philosophy at Lebanon's American University of Beirut. This period of his life inspired a number of his works, including Red Indian, in which he expressed his rejection of Beirut's culture.

Sboul later moved to Syria, which he felt was more suitable for him with its traditional society, Arab nationalist sentiments and political activism. Studying law at the University of Damascus, he became politically active and published his works in Lebanese and Syrian newspapers. A collection of his poems titled Desert Sorrows was published in Beirut. He became a member of Syria's Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party, an experience which ended up disappointing him. He did not understand the campus fights that broke out between the nationalist Ba'athists and the communists. He found similarity between the parties and the security services: "regardless of the animosity between them, they both interfered in my personal affairs".

In Sboul's writings, casual sex is not a sin but rather a natural human encounter. This is in stark contrast to past and current Arab cultural norms. Some of his poems are erotic but the language he used remained gentle so as not to provoke cultural sensibilities. One of his verses:

Suicide

Sboul's sorrow over the Arab defeat in 1967 was followed by disappointment in the 1973 Yom Kippur War, whose initial military successes were followed by negotiations and manoeuvring. He had lost all hope to bring about change to the Arab World. On the night of 14 November 1973, Sboul met with his intellectual friends Odai Mdanat and Fayez Mahmoud and discussed the idea of committing suicide together. His friends left after midnight and his wife headed to her work at the Marka Military Hospital.

The morning after on 15 November, his wife returned from work and found him lying in bed. He told her to sit beside him and asked her if she believed in God, to which she replied in the positive. He then asked her to go to the neighbor's house to use their phone to order a gas cylinder for their house. As he watched his wife head to the house from his bedroom window, he committed suicide by shooting himself in the head.

Legacy Sboul's friends established the Jordanian Writers Society, which was suggested by him in his writings. The Society holds an annual literary award in his honor and numerous Jordanian universities' literary conferences are held in his name. In 2012, Jordanian writer Habib Zyoud wrote a poem eulogy about Sboul titled My Oud is missing a string. Sboul's works were translated to English and French in 2016 by Nesreen Akhtarkhavari, an associate professor and the director of Arabic Studies at DePaul University.