Sultan Ahmad of Brunei

Ahmad (born 1338 - ), also known as Pateh Berbai, was the third sultan of Brunei from 1408 until his death in 1425. this ascribed him as the founder of Brunei in the Syair Awang Semaun (Poem of Awang Semaun). Islamic education is thought to have begun in the country during the rule of his predecessor and continued under him.

Background Among the 14 siblings born to their father, Dewa Emas Kayangan, and a Murut woman from Limbang were Awang Alak Betatar, Awang Pateh Berbai, and Awang Semaun. Dewa Emas Kayangan, in order to satisfy his pregnant wife, set off on a mission to find a certain kind of cattle known as the tembadau. He fathered offspring and married women in four villages along the way, eventually producing the 14 siblings listed. Dewa Emas Kayangan made the decision to ascend to the celestial regions after discovering the tembadau; there, he was referred to as Batara Kala di Kayangan.

Early life Prior to his reign, he was called Awang Pateh Berbai or Pateh Berbai in short. According to the Syair Awang Semaun, this first community was founded because 14 siblings wanted to start and construct a new village. Pateh Berbai led the Sakai tribe's retinue to the Brunei River, where they searched for a suitable spot for a colony. They discovered a site that was strategically located, nestled between hills, and had access to water from a neighbouring river. Tugan, the chief of the Retus and the leader of the Igan people in Melanau, tried to overthrow Awang Alak Betatar's authority with the help of his in-law Besiong. The soldiers of Awang Alak Betatar, led by Pateh Berbai, overcame them. However the Sisilah Sultan-Sultan Brunei mentioned his predecessor as his father-in-law, Sultan Muhammad Shah. Adding to the confusion, another source (Batu Bersilah) claimed that Sultan Ahmad was the brother of the mentioned Sultan.

Relations with China Under the leadership of the Muslim eunuch Zheng He, Ming China displayed its maritime might during the first three decades of the fifteenth century by sending ships through the South China Sea, the Strait of Malacca, the Indian Ocean, the Persian Gulf, and all the way to the eastern shores of Africa. Although it is unknown if the fleet ever visited Brunei, the politically adept Sultan Ahmad went on a tribute mission to the Ming court. In 1408, he presented his loyalty to Emperor Yongle by giving a tribute in person, making him the first southern ruler to do such acts. The act would be well received by the Emperor.

Personal life Sultan Ahmad married Puteri Kinabatangan. Together they a daughter, Puteri Ratna Kesuma, who would later be the consort to Sultan Sharif Ali.

Namesakes