Sir John Norton-Griffiths, 1st Baronet

Lieutenant-Colonel Sir John Norton-Griffiths, 1st Baronet, (13 July 1871 – 27 September 1930) was an engineer, British Army officer during the Second Boer War and the First World War, and a Member of Parliament. A colourful figure in his day, known as "Empire Jack" or "Hellfire Jack", he was also the grandfather of Jeremy Thorpe, a leading British politician.

Early life John Norton-Griffiths was born John Griffiths in Somerset on 13 July 1871. He was the son of John Griffiths (1825–1891), a building contractor initially of Brecon, Wales (later of London),

After a generally wasted education he spent a year, in 1887–1888, as a trooper with the Life Guards. before travelling to the colony of Natal and shortly on to Transvaal, where he worked as a 'sub-manager' at a gold mine at the age of 17. Together they had four children: Ursula (1903–1992), who married John Thorpe, and was the mother of Jeremy Thorpe Peter (1905–1983), who succeeded his father as 2nd Baronet Phoebe (1906–1976), who married Edward Bromilow Joynson, M.B.E., of Pear Tree Cottage, Churt, Surrey Michael (1908–1940), Captain in the 135 Excavating Company Royal Engineers, killed in action in World War II, having married and had a daughter.

Sir John was a keen supporter of Liverpool F.C. and was a director of Arsenal F.C. between 1928 and 1930. These included work on the first 197 km of the Benguela Railway in Angola between 1903 and 1908.

He was elected to Parliament in 1910 and was until 1918 the Conservative Party's MP for Wednesbury in Staffordshire. From 1918 until 1924 he was the Conservative MP for Wandsworth Central in London.

First World War In 1914 at the start of the First World War, Norton-Griffiths raised the 2nd King Edward's Horse at his own expense and was commissioned major in the regiment.

Using the experience from a successful engineering career, Norton-Griffiths built many fortifications for the Entente on the Western Front. During this time Norton-Griffiths took to touring the trenches in a battered Rolls-Royce loaded with crates of fine wines.

Tunnelling companies In early December 1914, Norton-Griffiths wrote to the War Office that his tunnelling workers could be useful for the war effort, but his letter was not acted upon. However, on 20 December 1914, German sappers placed eight mines beneath the positions of an Indian Brigade in Givenchy-lès-la-Bassée. The detonation and follow-up attack led to the loss of 800 men, and following further attacks, it was evident by January 1915 that the Germans were mining to a planned system. Lord Kitchener contacted Norton-Griffiths on 12 February 1915, and by the end of the month eighteen "Manchester Moles" sewer men were in France as founding members of 170 (Tunnelling) Company, Royal Engineers.

Oilfield sabotage In 1916, he was sent to sabotage the Romanian oil fields ahead of a German advance.

General Ludendorff of the German army was later quoted as saying, "We must attribute our shortages in part to him".'

He was awarded the Distinguished Service Order in 1916.

Last years in Egypt After the First World War, his business and engineering career faltered, and his health began to deteriorate. His construction firm took on a contract to carry out the heightening of the Aswan Low Dam at an unrealistically low price. He was facing the possibility of financial ruin and perhaps even criminal prosecution. Sir John took a rowboat from the beach of the Casino Hotel near Alexandria, Egypt. Sometime later, the boat was found empty, and a search party was launched. They soon retrieved Sir John's body, floating in the water, with a bullet wound through the temple. No weapon was found, but the coroner's court gave a verdict of suicide. His body was brought back to England and he was buried at Mickleham, Surrey, on 18 October 1930 at the age of 59 years old.

His widow Gwladys survived him, dying in 1974 at the age of 101.

In popular culture Norton-Griffiths appears as a character in the 2021 British film, The War Below, which is a fictionalised account of the tunnelling operations prior to the Battle of Messines. He was played by Tom Goodman-Hill.