Shelley Winters

Shelley Winters (born Shirley Schrift; August 18, 1920 – January 14, 2006) was an American actress, whose film career spanned seven decades. In 1943 she changed her name to Shelley, after her favorite poet, and Winter(s) taking her mother's maiden name. (out of six nominations), a Primetime Emmy Award winner, and a two-time BAFTA Award nominee. She was an active member of the Actors Studio.

Winters starred in the Broadway musical Oklahoma!. After a string of minor roles, she had a breakthrough role in A Double Life (1947), quickly rising to leading lady status. She was initially typified as the "blond bombshell" archetype, but balked at typecasting, and became known for her versatility as a performer. Some of her other well-known films include The Night of the Hunter (1955), Lolita (1962), Alfie (1966), Next Stop, Greenwich Village (1976), and Pete's Dragon (1977).

Winters also acted extensively on television, including a tenure as Nana Mary on the sitcom Roseanne. She wrote three autobiographies. In 1960, she received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for her contributions to the film industry.

Early life Shelley Winters was born Shirley Schrift in St. Louis, Missouri, the daughter of Rose (née Winter, 1896–1966), a singer with St. Louis Municipal Opera Theatre ("The Muny"), and Jonas Schrift (1890–1955), a designer of men's clothing. Her parents were Jewish; her father migrated from Grzymałów, Galicia, Austria-Hungary, (later Ukraine), and her mother was born in St. Louis to Austrian immigrants who were also from Grzymałów. Her parents were third cousins. Her Jewish education included attendance at the Jamaica Jewish Center and learning Hebrew songs at her public school. and she grew up partly in Queens and New York city.

As a young woman, she worked as a model. Her sister Blanche Schrift (1916–2000) later married George Boroff (1912–1968), who ran the Circle Theatre (since named El Centro Theatre) in Los Angeles, California. At age 16, Winters relocated to Los Angeles In the late 1940s she shared an apartment with Marilyn Monroe.

Career 1940–1946: Broadway debut and early films

Winters made her Broadway debut in The Night Before Christmas (1941) which had a short run. She had a small part in Rosalinda, an adaptation of Die Fledermaus (1942–44) which ran for 611 performances. As Fifi in that show she drew the attention of Harry Cohn who noticed her attractiveness and comedic flare. He invited her to do a test, gave her a $150.00 contract, which led to her role in What a Woman! (1943), saying to Rosalind Russell: “You can’t go in there now, miss.”

She received a long-term contract at Columbia and moved to Los Angeles. Winters' first film appearance was an uncredited bit in There's Something About a Soldier (1943) at Columbia. She had another small bit in What a Woman! (1943) but a bigger part in a B movie, Sailor's Holiday (1944). Winters was borrowed by the Producers Releasing Corporation for Knickerbocker Holiday (1944). Columbia put her in small bits in She's a Soldier Too (1944), Dancing in Manhattan (1944), Together Again (1944), Tonight and Every Night (1945), Escape in the Fog (1945), A Thousand and One Nights (1945), and The Fighting Guardsman (1946).

Winters originally broke into Hollywood films as a blonde bombshell type, but quickly tired of the role's limitations. She claims to have washed off her make-up to audition for the role of Alice Tripp, the factory girl, in A Place in the Sun, directed by George Stevens, now a landmark American film.

As the Associated Press reported, the general public was unaware of how serious a craftswoman Winters was. "Although she was in demand as a character actress, Winters continued to study her craft. She attended Charles Laughton's Shakespeare classes as well as the Hollywood Studio Club in Los Angeles and later studied and worked at the Method actors' haven Actors Studio in New York, both as student, moderator and teacher."

While on a publicity tour in 1950, she visited the two-year-old State of Israel. Also in the early 1950s, Winters rejected a trip to Germany to film the exterior scenes of the movie I Am a Camera. It reminded her too much of her uncle Yaekel who survived the Holocaust and his subsequent fruitless search for his family. A double was used in her place for the scenes needed to be shot in Germany. Winters took some time off for the birth of her first child in 1953. She made her TV debut in "Mantrap" for The Ford Television Theatre in 1954. At MGM, she did Executive Suite (1954) and Tennessee Champ (1954), top-billed in the latter. Winters returned to Universal to appear in Saskatchewan (1954), shot on location in Canada with Alan Ladd and Playgirl (1954) with Barry Sullivan. She appeared in a TV version of Sorry, Wrong Number.

Winters traveled to Europe to make Mambo (1954) with Vittorio Gassman who became her husband. She then shot Cash on Delivery (1954) in England. Winters performed in a version of The Women for Producers' Showcase then had a key role in I Am a Camera (1955) starring opposite Julie Harris and Laurence Harvey. Even more highly acclaimed was Charles Laughton's 1955 Night of the Hunter with Robert Mitchum and Lillian Gish. At Warner Bros, Winters was Jack Palance's leading lady in I Died a Thousand Times (1955), then for RKO she co starred with Rory Calhoun in The Treasure of Pancho Villa (1955). She was in The Big Knife (1955) for Robert Aldrich.

1955–1969: Establishment

Winters returned to Broadway in A Hatful of Rain, in 1955–1956, opposite Ben Gazzara and future husband Anthony Franciosa. It ran for 398 performances. Girls of Summer (1956–57) was directed by Jack Garfein and co-starred George Peppard but only ran for 56 performances. On TV she reprised her Double Life performance in The Alcoa Hour in 1957. She appeared in episodes of The United States Steel Hour, Climax!, Wagon Train, Schlitz Playhouse, The DuPont Show of the Month, and Kraft Theatre.

In 1960, she won a Best Supporting Actress Oscar for her role as Mrs. Van Daan in George Stevens's film adaptation of The Diary of Anne Frank (1959). As Petronella van Daan, Winters emulated one of eight real-life Jewish refugees in the Netherlands during World War II who spent two years hiding in small attic quarters until they were betrayed and sent to Nazi death camps. She understood the significance of sharing Anne Frank's tragic story with its tough lessons of cruelty and dignity under duress, During the filming, she met Anne’s father, Otto Frank. She promised him that in the event that she won an Oscar for that role, she would donate it to the Anne Frank Museum in Amsterdam. On the last day of shooting for the film, she spoke at an Israel bonds event that evening in Los Angeles. In her memoir she remembers asking the Jewish audience: "Who knows when you or your children or grandchildren will need the country of Israel?"

Winters was in much demand as a character actor now, getting good roles in Odds Against Tomorrow (1959), Let No Man Write My Epitaph (1960) and The Young Savages (1961). She received excellent reviews for her performance as the man-hungry Charlotte Haze in Stanley Kubrick's Lolita (1962).

Winters returned to Broadway on The Night of the Iguana (1962), playing Bette Davis' role. She performed Off Broadway in Cages by Lewis John Carlino in 1963. Many of her roles now had a sexual component: in The Chapman Report (1962) she played an unfaithful housewife and she played madams in The Balcony (1963) and A House Is Not a Home (1964). She appeared in Wives and Lovers (1963) and episodes of shows such as Alcoa Theatre, Ben Casey, and Thirty-Minute Theatre. Winters was featured in the Italian film Time of Indifference (1964) with Rod Steiger and Claudia Cardinale, and had one of the many cameos in the religious epic The Greatest Story Ever Told (1965), again for George Stevens. Winters with Gina Lollobrigida at the set of Buona Sera, Mrs. Campbell (1968) in Rome Winters won her second Best Supporting Actress Oscar in A Patch of Blue (1965) for her performance as Rose-Ann D'Arcey, the cruel and vulgar mother of an illiterate blind girl. She had supporting roles opposite Michael Caine in Alfie (1966) and as the fading, alcoholic former starlet Fay Estabrook in Harper (1966). She returned to Broadway in Under the Weather (1966) by Saul Bellow which ran for 12 performances. Winters played "Ma Parker" the villain in Batman. She was in a TV version of The Three Sisters (1966) and had roles in Enter Laughing (1967) for Carl Reiner, Armchair Theatre, Bob Hope Presents the Chrysler Theatre (several episodes), The Scalphunters (1968) for Sydney Pollack, Wild in the Streets (1968), Buona Sera, Mrs. Campbell (1968), Arthur? Arthur! (1969), and The Mad Room (1969).

1970–1999: Later roles

Winters played Ma Barker in Bloody Mama (1970) a big hit for Roger Corman. She had roles in How Do I Love Thee? (1970) and Flap (1970) for Carol Reed. She returned to the stage to play Minnie Marx, mother of the Marx Brothers in the Broadway musical Minnie's Boys (1970), which ran for 80 performances. Winters wrote an evening of three one-act plays titled One Night Stands of a Noisy Passenger (1970–1971), which ran for seven performances; the cast included Robert De Niro and Diane Ladd. Winters had the lead in two horror films, Whoever Slew Auntie Roo? (1971), and What's the Matter with Helen? (1971), and two TV movies, Revenge! (1971), and A Death of Innocence (1971). She had supporting roles in Adventures of Nick Carter (1972) and had a co-starring role in Something to Hide (1972) with Peter Finch. She starred in The Vamp for ITV Sunday Night Theatre. In The Poseidon Adventure (1972), she was the ill-fated Belle Rosen, a Jewish grandmother who dies in the course of a successful attempt to lead her fellow passengers to safely escape the confines of the cruise ship.

Winters was top-billed in The Devil's Daughter (1973) for TV. She had a supporting role in Blume in Love (1973) for Paul Mazursky and Cleopatra Jones (1973) and leading parts in Big Rose: Double Trouble (1974) and The Sex Symbol (1974). Winters guest-starred on McCloud and Chico and the Man and was seen in Poor Pretty Eddie (1975), That Lucky Touch (1975), Journey Into Fear (1975), Diamonds (1975), Next Stop, Greenwich Village (1976) for Paul Mazursky, The Tenant (1976) for Roman Polanski, Mimì Bluette... fiore del mio giardino (1977) with Monica Vitti, Tentacles (1977), An Average Little Man (1977) with Alberto Sordi, Pete's Dragon (1977), The Initiation of Sarah (1978), and King of the Gypsies (1978). She starred in a 1978 Broadway production of Paul Zindel's The Effect of Gamma Rays on Man-in-the-Moon Marigolds, which only had a short run. Winters starred in the Italian horror film Gran bollito (1977) and played Gladys Presley in Elvis (1979) for TV. She was in The Visitor (1979), City on Fire (1979), The Magician of Lublin (1979) for Menahem Golan, The French Atlantic Affair (1979) and an episode of the ABC series Vega$, with Vega$ star Robert Urich.

Winters' 1980s performances included Looping (1981), S.O.B., episodes of The Love Boat, Sex, Lies and Renaissance (1983), Over the Brooklyn Bridge (1984), Ellie (1984), Déjà Vu (1985), Alice in Wonderland (1985), and The Delta Force (1986). She did The Gingerbread Lady on stage. She had a starring role in Witchfire (1986) and was credited as executive producer. She was in Very Close Quarters (1986), Purple People Eater (1988), and An Unremarkable Life (1989).

In a 1989 interview at NPR, Winters recounts Gloria Steinem's comment about part of her work in film. Steinem noted that films like "Double Life," "A Place In the Sun," and "Night of the Hunter" were all about women who were victims. Steinem thought that these films were laying the groundwork for the women's lib movement. Winters explained that these women she portrayed were fighting against these situations.

Her final performances included Touch of a Stranger (1990), Stepping Out (1991) with Liza Minnelli, Weep No More, My Lady (1992), The Pickle (1993) for Mazursky, and The Silence of the Hams (1994). Later audiences knew her primarily for her autobiographies and for her television work, in which she usually played a humorous parody of her public persona. In a recurring role in the 1990s, Winters played the title character's grandmother on the sitcom Roseanne. Her final film roles were supporting ones: She played a restaurant owner and mother of an overweight cook in Heavy (1995) with Liv Tyler and Debbie Harry for James Mangold; an aristocrat in The Portrait of a Lady (1996), starring Nicole Kidman and John Malkovich; and an embittered nursing home administrator in 1999's Gideon. She was in comedies such as Backfire! (1995), Jury Duty (1995), and Mrs. Munck (1995) as well as Raging Angels (1995). Winters made an appearance at the 1998 Academy Awards telecast, which featured a tribute to Oscar winners past and present.

The Associated Press reported: "During her 50 years as a widely known personality, Winters was rarely out of the news. Her stormy marriages, her romances with famous stars, her forays into politics and feminist causes kept her name before the public. She delighted in giving provocative interviews and seemed to have an opinion on everything." That led to a second career as a writer. Winters became a best-selling author with her memoirs, Shelley, Also Known as Shirley (1980), Shelley II: The Middle of My Century (1989) In these books she chronicled her life and career, as well as intimate relationships with such Hollywood legends as Errol Flynn, Burt Lancaster, William Holden and Sean Connery. Though not a conventional beauty, she claimed that her acting, wit, and chutzpah gave her a sex life to rival Monroe's. Her claimed partners included William Holden, Sean Connery, Burt Lancaster, Errol Flynn, and Marlon Brando.

Honors For her contributions to motion pictures, Winters has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, at 1752 Vine Street.

1948 and 1951 Photoplay Award: Best Performances of the Month (November/September): winner

Personal life

Winters was married four times. Her husbands were: Captain Mack Paul Mayer, whom she married on December 29, 1943, in Brooklyn. Winters and Mayer were divorced in October 1948. Mayer was unable to deal with Shelley's "Hollywood lifestyle" and wanted a "traditional homemaker" for a wife. Mayer wore his wedding ring up until her death and kept their relationship very private. There is some debate as to who kept wearing their wedding ring until the other's death because Mayer died in 1990. At least 2 external sources claim it was Shelley who continued to wear the ring. Vittorio Gassman, whom she married on April 28, 1952, in Juárez, Mexico; they divorced on June 2, 1954. They had one child: Vittoria, born February 14, 1953, a physician in Connecticut. She is Winters' only child. Anthony Franciosa, whom she married on May 4, 1957; they were divorced on November 18, 1960. He died five days after Winters, having had a stroke the day she died. DeFord, whom she married on January 13, 2006.

Hours before her death, Winters married long-time companion Gerry DeFord, with whom she had lived for 19 years. Though Winters' daughter objected to the marriage, actress Sally Kirkland performed the wedding ceremony while Winters was on her deathbed, declaring that Deford was the love of Shelley's life.

Winters had a much-publicized romance with Farley Granger that became a long-term friendship (according to their respective autobiographies). She starred with him in the 1951 film Behave Yourself! as well as in a 1957 television production of A. J. Cronin's novel Beyond This Place.

She was a great supporter of her friends in Hollywood. She participated in an 1983 exercise video created by Debbie Reynolds. Reynolds called it a workout for ladies: older women who might appreciate occasional low-impact leg lifts. To make sure she was noticed, Winters wore sweats pants with a sweatshirt that read “I’m Only Doing This for Debbie," then spent her time making jokes from the back row while she half heartedly participated in the routine.

Being a Democrat, Winters attended the 1960 Democratic National Convention. In 1965, she addressed the Selma Marchers briefly outside Montgomery, Alabama on the night before they marched into the state capitol. Winters endorsed Robert F. Kennedy's presidential campaign in 1968 and Michael Dukakis's presidential campaign in 1988.

Winters became friendly with rock singer Janis Joplin shortly before Joplin died in 1970. She invited Joplin to sit in on a class session at the Actors' Studio at its Los Angeles location. Joplin never did.

Critic Kevin Thomas described Winters' character as "a mass of contradictions as only a Method actress can be. She was mercurial, adorable, infuriating, loyal, brave."

Death Winters died at the age of 85 on January 14, 2006, of heart failure at the Rehabilitation Center of Beverly Hills; she had suffered a heart attack on October 14, 2005.

Filmography Uncredited in Tonight and Every Night (1945), Winters is behind Rita Hayworth.

Film

Television

TV films, miniseries, and specials

Stage credits Year Title Role Venue Notes1941 The Night Before Christmas Flora Morosco Theatre, New York 1942 Rosalinda Fifi 46th Street Theatre, New York Plymouth Theatre, New York

Awards and nominations

Academy Awards Year Category Title Result 1951 Best Actress A Place in the Sun 1959 Best Supporting Actress The Diary of Anne Frank 1965 A Patch of Blue 1972 The Poseidon Adventure

British Academy Film Awards Year Category Title Result 1972 Best Supporting Actress The Poseidon Adventure 1977 Next Stop, Greenwich Village

Golden Globe Awards Year Category Title Result 1951 Best Actress – Drama Film A Place in the Sun 1959 Best Supporting Actress The Diary of Anne Frank 1962 Best Actress – Drama Film Lolita 1966 Best Supporting Actress Alfie 1972 The Poseidon Adventure 1976 Next Stop, Greenwich Village

Primetime Emmy Awards Year Category Title Result 1964 Outstanding Lead Actress Bob Hope Presents the Chrysler Theatre 1966 1974 Supporting Actress – Comedy/Drama Series McCloud NBC Sunday Mystery Movie