Salome I

Salome I was the sister of Herod the Great and the mother of Berenice by her husband Costobarus, governor of Idumea. She was a nominal queen regnant of the toparchy of Iamnia, Azotus, Phasaelis from 4 BCE.

Life Salome first married , uncle of Herod the Great; she accused Joseph of familiarities with Mariamne I, wife of Herod, and thus procured his death. She had three children by her second husband Costobarus, Berenice (who married first Aristobulus IV, Herod's son by the same mother, and second Theudion, brother of Herod's first wife Doris), Antipater, a character now lost to history, and a daughter whose name is not known (who married Alexas I's son Alexas the Younger, the Temple Treasurer). Like her more famous granddaughter (and grandniece) Herodias, she divorced her husband in contravention of Jewish law Josephus, Jewish Antiquities 15.7.10): But some time afterward, when Salome happened to quarrel with Costobarus, she sent him a bill of divorce and dissolved her marriage with him, though this was not according to the Jewish laws; for with us it is lawful for a husband to do so; but a wife, if she departs from her husband, cannot of herself be married to another, unless her former husband put her away. However, Salome chose to follow not the law of her country, but the law of her authority, and so renounced her wedlock... After this she accused him of treason against Herod, who put him to death. Salome's third husband was .

Upon the death of Herod the Great in 4 BCE, she was given a toparchy including the cities of Iamnia, Azotus, Phasaelis, and 5000 drachmae. The Roman emperor Augustus supplemented this with a royal habitation at Ascalon. While nominally queen of these areas, they were ultimately subject to the Judaean prefect.

After Salome's death, Iamnia fell to Livia, the Roman empress, and then to her son Tiberius.