Richard Tecwyn Williams

Richard Tecwyn Williams FRS (20 February 1909 – 29 December 1979) was a Welsh biochemist who founded the systematic study of xenobiotic metabolism with the publication of his book Detoxication mechanisms in 1947. This seminal book built on his earlier work on the role of glucuronic acid in the metabolism of borneol.

Biography Williams was born in Abertillery, Wales, the first of five children of Richard Williams, a coalminer, and Mary Ellen (née Jones), a teacher. He grew up speaking Welsh and English. His initial schooling was at Gelli Crug Junior School, from where he gained a scholarship to Abertillery County School. This was followed by University College, Cardiff where he studied chemistry and physiology, and was awarded a BSc in 1928.

An opportunity arose for Williams to undertake research with Dr John Pryde at the Physiology Institute, Cardiff, where he worked on elucidating the structure of glucuronic acid. This work formed part of his PhD thesis; he was awarded the degree in 1932. After postdoctoral research at Cardiff he was appointed Lecturer in Biochemistry at the University of Birmingham in 1934. Here, Williams further developed his ideas concerning the metabolism of foreign compounds. His 1938 paper on detoxication of phenol in the rabbit proved to be the first in a series, culminating in Part 77 twenty years later. He was awarded a DSc at Birmingham in 1939.

In 1942, Williams was appointed Senior Lecturer in Biochemistry in the University of Liverpool. He expanded his researches, aided by postdoctoral students and collaborators. One study, supported by the MRC, was into the metabolism of TNT, which revealed the formation of the hydroxylamine derivative, 2,6-dinitro-4-hydroxylaminotoluene, a highly toxic substance, which probably accounted for the toxicity of TNT itself.

In January 1949, aged 39, Tecwyn Williams took up a new appointment, as the first Chair of Biochemistry at St Mary's Hospital Medical School. During this phase of his career he visited the National Institutes of Health as a visiting scientist, where he became interested in spectrophotofluorimetry and the work of Robert Bowman. He returned with a spectrophotofluorimeter, for several years the only one in the UK, and used it for elucidating the relation between chemical structure and fluorescence. His hope that the technique would become widespread and important was not fulfilled: gas chromatography was to become universally much more useful.

Family While a research student at Cardiff, Tecwyn Williams met Josephine Teresa Sullivan, who had been apprenticed and indentured as a ladies and gentlemen’s tailor. They married in 1937, and had five children: Peter Sullivan, Richard Stephen Steel, Josephine Mary Johnston, Helen Maria Tecwyn and Marian Clare Gerard.

A portrait of Richard Tecwyn Williams can be found on page 1 of this memoir

He died on 29 December 1979 in Northwick Park Hospital in London.

Awards Honorary doctorate from the University of Paris (1966) Honorary MD from the University of Tübingen (1972) DSc from the University of Wales (1976) DSc from the University of Ibadan (1974) Elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (1967) Merit award of the Society of Toxicology (1968)

Former students Dr John Smith - Chair of Biochemistry at the University of Wellington Dr Dennis Parke - Professor and head of the Department of Biochemistry, University of Surrey Dr Donald Davies - Professor of Biochemical Pharmacology, Royal Postgraduate Medical School Dr Donald Robinson - Chair of Biochemistry, Queen Elizabeth College Dr Olumbe Bassir - Professor of Biochemistry, University of Ibadan Dr Robert Smith - Professor of Biochemical Pharmacology, St Mary’s Hospital Medical School